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{{short description|British academic}} |
{{short description|British academic}} |
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[[File:Ellen Wordsworth Darwin.jpg|thumb|right|Ellen Wordsworth Darwin]] |
[[File:Ellen Wordsworth Darwin.jpg|thumb|right|Ellen Wordsworth Darwin]] |
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'''Ellen Wordsworth Darwin''' (13 January 1856 – 28 August 1903) was an academic |
'''Ellen Wordsworth Darwin''' (née '''Crofts'''; 13 January 1856 – 28 August 1903) was an academic, a fellow and lecturer in English Literature at [[Newnham College, Cambridge|Newnham College]] in [[Cambridge]] (1879-1883), a member of the private and scholarly [[Ladies Dining Society]] at Cambridge and the second wife of the botanist [[Francis Darwin|Sir Francis Darwin]], son of [[Charles Darwin]]. Their daughter was the poet [[Frances Cornford]]. |
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==Family and early life== |
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| ⚫ | Born Ellen Wordsworth Crofts in [[Leeds]], the daughter of Ellen ''née'' Wordsworth, the daughter of a Leeds industrialist, and John Crofts, a [[magistrate]] and [[worsted]] and woollen manufacturer,<ref>[https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/8767/WRYRG9_3211_3214-0569?pid=9810066&backurl=https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D8767%26h%3D9810066%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3Ddjv2523%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=djv2523&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.192810602.1764080346.1578686736-1722705520.1534682038 1861 England Census for Ellen Wordsworth Crofts: Yorkshire, Ilkley - Ancestry.com {{subscription}}]</ref> she was a cousin of [[Henry Sidgwick]]. Her older brother was [[Ernest Crofts]] {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|RA}}, a painter of historical and military scenes. |
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| ⚫ | Born Ellen Wordsworth Crofts in [[Leeds]], the daughter of Ellen ''née'' Wordsworth, the daughter of a Leeds industrialist, and John Crofts, a [[magistrate]] and [[worsted]] and woollen manufacturer,<ref>[https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/8767/WRYRG9_3211_3214-0569?pid=9810066&backurl=https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D8767%26h%3D9810066%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3Ddjv2523%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=djv2523&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.192810602.1764080346.1578686736-1722705520.1534682038 1861 England Census for Ellen Wordsworth Crofts: Yorkshire, Ilkley - Ancestry.com {{subscription}}]</ref> she was a cousin of [[Henry Sidgwick]]. Her older brother was [[Ernest Crofts]] {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|RA}}, a painter of historical and military scenes. |
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==Later life== |
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| ⚫ | In the summer of 1888 Ellen |
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Ellen was a student at [[Newnham College, Cambridge]] between 1874 and 1847, returning there to teach English literature from 1878. A close friend from her Newnham days was the British [[classics|classical]] scholar and [[linguistics|linguist]] [[Jane Ellen Harrison]]. Following her marriage to [[Charles Darwin]]'s son, the botanist [[Francis Darwin]], in 1883, Ellen had to relinquish her academic post.<ref name=Smith/><ref>Sir Francis Darwin (1848–1925), Thomas Junker https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/32717 - [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]: Published in print: 23 September 2004- Published online: 23 September 2004</ref><ref>[https://www.ancestry.com/interactive/61058/PAR126_1_R3_3_124?pid=900646722&backurl=https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D61058%26h%3D900646722%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3Ddjv2521%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=djv2521&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.205973075.1764080346.1578686736-1722705520.1534682038 Oxfordshire, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1930 for Ellen Wordsworth Crofts: Headington, St Andrew 1837 - 1886 - Ancestry.com {{subscription}}]</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Francis already had a son from his first marriage. [[Bernard Darwin]] had been brought up by his grandparents [[Emma Darwin|Emma]] and [[Charles Darwin]] (and by Emma alone after the death of Charles in 1882)<ref>H. E. Litchfield (ed), [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1-ppvm5C6CYC&pg=PA472&lpg=PA472&dq ''Emma Darwin, Wife of Charles Darwin: A Century of Family Letters''], Cambridge University Press (1904) - Google Books pg. 334</ref>. Bernard went to live with the newly-married couple. In his [[autobiography]] he wrote that his stepmother "was always kind as could be in reading with me and playing with me, but there was always some feeling of reserve: perhaps she tried too hard to be a good stepmother and never to outstep those limits." Ellen suffered a miscarriage in 1884, giving birth to her surviving daughter [[Frances Cornford|Frances]] in 1886.<ref>Tim M. Berra, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=s9UtcKptEJ4C&pg=PT172&lpg=PT172&dq ''Darwin and His Children: His Other Legacy''], Oxford University Press (2013) - Google Books</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In the summer of 1888 Ellen wrote to her sister-in-law [[Ida Darwin]] to say that her friend [[Amy Levy]] was intending to pay a visit, confiding: "She has written a novel, in which the heroine is partly me. I have not read it yet, but I don’t expect much: her stories and novels are rather saddening." Levy's second novel ''Reuben Sachs: A Sketch'' was published shortly afterwards and caused some controversy with its satirical description of a well-off [[British Jews|Anglo-Jewish]] community and its depiction of the [[Victorian era|Victorian]] marriage market.<ref>[https://akennedysmith.com/2016/10/14/written-with-the-hearts-blood-ellen-darwin-and-amy-levy/ The Ladies' Dining Society 1890-1914]</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Ellen was a member of the [[Ladies Dining Society]] - a private women's dining and discussion club based at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] that had been founded in 1890 by the author [[Louise Creighton]] and the women's activist [[Kathleen Lyttelton]]. Its members, most of whom were married to Cambridge academics, were believers in women’s education and were active in the campaign to grant women Cambridge degrees. Most were strong supporters of [[Women's suffrage|female suffrage]]. Ellen was strongly [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] and took her discussions seriously, a friend observing "It was at once distracting and delightfully amusing to hear her say, as she not infrequently did, 'I know I’m right'".<ref name=Smith>;The Ladies Dining Society' (act. 1890–1914), Ann Kennedy Smith https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.109658 [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] - Published online: 09 May 2018</ref> |
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==Death== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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Revision as of 22:11, 12 January 2020
Ellen Wordsworth Darwin (née Crofts; 13 January 1856 – 28 August 1903) was an academic, a fellow and lecturer in English Literature at Newnham College in Cambridge (1879-1883), a member of the private and scholarly Ladies Dining Society at Cambridge and the second wife of the botanist Sir Francis Darwin, son of Charles Darwin. Their daughter was the poet Frances Cornford.
Family and early life
Born Ellen Wordsworth Crofts in Leeds, the daughter of Ellen née Wordsworth, the daughter of a Leeds industrialist, and John Crofts, a magistrate and worsted and woollen manufacturer,[1] she was a cousin of Henry Sidgwick. Her older brother was Ernest Crofts RA, a painter of historical and military scenes.
Later life
Ellen was a student at Newnham College, Cambridge between 1874 and 1847, returning there to teach English literature from 1878. A close friend from her Newnham days was the British classical scholar and linguist Jane Ellen Harrison. Following her marriage to Charles Darwin's son, the botanist Francis Darwin, in 1883, Ellen had to relinquish her academic post.[2][3][4]
Francis already had a son from his first marriage. Bernard Darwin had been brought up by his grandparents Emma and Charles Darwin (and by Emma alone after the death of Charles in 1882)[5]. Bernard went to live with the newly-married couple. In his autobiography he wrote that his stepmother "was always kind as could be in reading with me and playing with me, but there was always some feeling of reserve: perhaps she tried too hard to be a good stepmother and never to outstep those limits." Ellen suffered a miscarriage in 1884, giving birth to her surviving daughter Frances in 1886.[6]
In the summer of 1888 Ellen wrote to her sister-in-law Ida Darwin to say that her friend Amy Levy was intending to pay a visit, confiding: "She has written a novel, in which the heroine is partly me. I have not read it yet, but I don’t expect much: her stories and novels are rather saddening." Levy's second novel Reuben Sachs: A Sketch was published shortly afterwards and caused some controversy with its satirical description of a well-off Anglo-Jewish community and its depiction of the Victorian marriage market.[7] Ellen was a member of the Ladies Dining Society - a private women's dining and discussion club based at Cambridge University that had been founded in 1890 by the author Louise Creighton and the women's activist Kathleen Lyttelton. Its members, most of whom were married to Cambridge academics, were believers in women’s education and were active in the campaign to grant women Cambridge degrees. Most were strong supporters of female suffrage. Ellen was strongly agnostic and took her discussions seriously, a friend observing "It was at once distracting and delightfully amusing to hear her say, as she not infrequently did, 'I know I’m right'".[2]
Death
She died in 1903 aged 47 and is buried in the churchyard of St Andrew's church in Girton, Cambridgeshire.[8]
References
- ^ 1861 England Census for Ellen Wordsworth Crofts: Yorkshire, Ilkley - Ancestry.com (subscription required)
- ^ a b ;The Ladies Dining Society' (act. 1890–1914), Ann Kennedy Smith https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.109658 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography - Published online: 09 May 2018
- ^ Sir Francis Darwin (1848–1925), Thomas Junker https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/32717 - Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Published in print: 23 September 2004- Published online: 23 September 2004
- ^ Oxfordshire, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1930 for Ellen Wordsworth Crofts: Headington, St Andrew 1837 - 1886 - Ancestry.com (subscription required)
- ^ H. E. Litchfield (ed), Emma Darwin, Wife of Charles Darwin: A Century of Family Letters, Cambridge University Press (1904) - Google Books pg. 334
- ^ Tim M. Berra, Darwin and His Children: His Other Legacy, Oxford University Press (2013) - Google Books
- ^ The Ladies' Dining Society 1890-1914
- ^ Burial of Ellen Wordsworth Crofts Darwin - Find a Grave