Saint George's Day (Spain)
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| Diada de Sant Jordi | |
|---|---|
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| Observed by | Former Crown of Aragon territories. |
| Type | Secular, cultural |
| Celebrations | books and roses as gift-giving |
| Date | 23 April |
| Frequency | Annual |
Saint George's Day (San Jorge in Castillian/Spanish and Sant Jordi in Catalan) is celebrated annually on April 23.
Andalusia
Saint George's day is not celebrated in Andalusia.[1]
Aragón
In the Middle Ages, Saint George became patron saint of the Crown of Aragon and of Portugal.
In 1978 Aragón officially declared April 23 as a celebration for San Jorge and titled it "Dia de Aragón".[2] Day of Aragon commemorates the Battle of Alcoraz, when Huesca was conquered by the Aragonese army and where San Jorge allegedly appeared to the Christian forces at a critical moment in the battle, aiding them to victory for the "True Faith". [citation needed]
History
In 1096, the hosts of King Sancho Ramírez of Aragón besieged the city of Alcoraz, near Huesca. After receiving help from Zaragoza, the besieged manage to kill the king, but they win the battle of Alcoraz, according to tradition, thanks to the appearance of Saint George. Later, King Pedro I of Aragon conquered Huesca after invoking the help of the saint. Legend has it that the same day he was helping the crusaders in Antioch and that, at one point in the battle, he mounted a dismounted Teutonic knight on the back of his horse; Later, that same knight was involved in the battle of Alcoraz.
Especially from the 13th century, numerous legends and apparitions arose in the kingdom. Thus, Jaime I the Conqueror recounts that the saint appeared during the conquest of Valencia: "Saint George appeared with many knights of paradise, who helped win the battle, in which no Christian died." Later, King Jaime tells of the conquest of Majorca that "according to what the Saracens told him, they saw a white knight with white weapons enter first on horseback", whom he identifies with Jorge.
The patronage of Saint George over the kings of Aragon and, by extension, over the entire Crown of Aragon is officially recognized in the mid-15th century during the reign of Juan II of Aragon and Navarre, who names him patron saint of the Kingdom and of the Provincial Council. of the General, the main foral institution in case the Cortes is not summoned.
Cantabria
The town Viérnoles in Cantabria celebrates several days of "Las Fiestas de San Jorge" at the end of April and or beginning of May.[3][4]
Extremadura
Each year Extremadura celebrations focus on the Christian reconquest of the city of Cáceres. Festivities include the "burning of the dragon" and dramatizes re-enactments of the battles between Christians and Muslims. In addition, there is a procession to the shrine of the Virgin of La Montaña, a bonfire competition, and a search for two golden eggs hidden in Cáceres.[5]
Catalonia
La Diada de Sant Jordi (Catalan pronunciation: [lə ðiˈaðə ðə ˈsaɲ ˈʒɔɾði], Saint George's Day), also known as El Dia de la Rosa (The Day of the Rose), or El Dia del Llibre (The Day of the Book), or the Day of Books and Roses. In Catalonia the main activity is the exchange of roses and books between sweethearts, loved ones and colleagues. Historically, men gave women roses, and women gave men a book to celebrate the occasion – "a rose for love and a book forever." The fair of roses was called the lovers' fair because it was attended by engaged and recently married couples.[6] In modern times, the mutual exchange of books is also customary. Roses have been associated with this day since medieval times, but the giving of books is a more recent Catalan tradition originating in 1923, when a writer and publisher, Vicente Cavel, started to promote the holiday as a way to commemorate the nearly simultaneous deaths of Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare on 23 April 1616. Barcelona is the publishing capital of both Catalan and Spanish languages, and the combination of love and literacy was quickly adopted.
The sardana, the national dance of Catalonia, is performed throughout the day in the Plaça Sant Jaume in Barcelona. Many book stores and cafes host readings by authors (including 24-hour marathon readings of different classics of Catalan literature or Spanish literature). Street performers and musicians in public squares add to the day's atmosphere.
23 April is also one of only three days a year when the Palau de la Generalitat, Barcelona's principal government building, is open to the public. The interior is decorated with roses to honour Saint George.
Catalonia exported its tradition of the book and the rose to the rest of the world. In 1995, UNESCO adopted 23 April as World Book Day.[7][8]
Valencia
The Community of Valencia celebrates St George's Day with a different intensity, though in several zones it has similarities to Valentine's Day, like in Catalonia.
One notable celebration is in the Valencian city of Alcoi. There, Saint George's Day is commemorated as a thanksgiving celebration for the proclaimed aid the Saint provided to the Christian troops fighting the Muslims in the siege of the city. Its citizens commemorate the day with a festivity in which thousands of people parade in medieval costumes, forming two "armies" of Moors and Christians and re-enacting the siege that gave the city to the Christians.
References
- ^ Sevilla, Diario de (2021-04-23). "La Opinión de Carlos Colón | Fernandina el día de San Jorge". Diario de Sevilla (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ^ Boletin Oficial, de la Diputacion General de Aragon, Ano 1, Junio 7, 1978, num 2.
- ^ "Viérnoles celebrará San Jorge con 13 actividades, a partir del 24 de abril". El Diario Montañes (in European Spanish). 2009-04-16. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ^ Laguillo, David (2022-04-13). "Las Fiestas de San Jorge en Viérnoles serán las primeras que se celebrarán con "normalidad" en Torrelavega". Noticias de Torrelavega en EsTorrelavega.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ^ "Festivities of San Jorge. 22/04/2023. Fiestas in Cáceres". Spain.info. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ^ Amades, Joan (1952). Costumari Català. El curs de l'any (in Catalan) (2nd ed.). Barcelona: Salvat Edicions. pp. 285–307. ISBN 84-345-3673-0.
- ^ Romans, Carla (1996). "Saint George, Catalonia's Patron Saint and Symbol". Traditions. Catalonia: 32–33 – via Raco.cat.
- ^ Orobitg Rodríguez, Lydia (2012). "Sant Jordi, festa i tradició". Quadern de les idees, les arts i les lletres (185): 48–49.
External links
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| See also | ||
