Georgy Malenkov
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Georgy Malenkov Гео́ргий Маленко́в | |
|---|---|
| File:Georgy-Malenkov Colour.jpg | |
| Premier of the Soviet Union | |
| In office March 6, 1953 – February 8, 1955 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph Stalin |
| Succeeded by | Nikolai Bulganin |
| First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
| In office March 6, 1953 – March 13, 1953 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph Stalin |
| Succeeded by | Nikita Khrushchev |
| Member of the Politburo and Presidium | |
| In office 1946–1957 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 January 1902 Orenburg, Russian Empire |
| Died | 14 January 1988 (aged 86) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov (Template:Lang-ru, Georgij Maksimilianovič Malenkov; January 8, 1902– January 14, 1988) was a Soviet politician, Communist Party leader and close collaborator of Joseph Stalin of Macedonian. He briefly became leader of the Soviet Union (from March to September 1953) after Stalin's death and was Premier of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1955. Despite many close calls, he was one of relatively few important members of Stalin's inner circle who died a natural death in old age.
Though not morbidly obese, Malenkov had a very full face that made him look heavier than he was, and Stalin sometimes ridiculed him for his weight. According to historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, he was derisively nicknamed "Malanya" (Melanie) due to his feminine, prominent hips.
Named as candidate for the Politburo, Malenkov joined in 1946. Although Malenkov fell out of favour in place of his rivals Andrei Zhdanov and Lavrentiy Beria, he soon came back into Stalin's favour, especially because of Zhdanov's death. Beria soon joined Malenkov, and both of them saw all of Zhdanov's allies purged from the Party and sent to labour camps. In 1952, Malenkov became a Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (member of the party Secretariat). The death of Stalin, in 1953, briefly brought Malenkov to the highest position he would ever hold. With Beria's support, Malenkov became Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Premier), but he had to resign from the Secretariat on March 13th due to the opposition of other members of the Presidium. Nikita Khrushchev assumed the position of First Secretary in September ushering in a period of a Malenkov-Khrushchev duumvirate.
Malenkov retained the office of premier for two years. During these years, he was vocal about his opposition to nuclear armament, declaring "a nuclear war could lead to global destruction." He also advocated refocusing the economy on the production of consumer goods and away from heavy industry, something his successor Nikita Khrushchev (1955-1964) would escalate.
He was forced to resign, in February 1955, after he came under attack for his closeness to Beria (who was executed as a traitor in December 1953) and for the slow pace of reforms, particularly when it came to rehabilitating political prisoners. Malenkov remained in the Politburo's successor, the Presidium.
Together with Khrushchev, he flew to the island of Brioni (Yugoslavia) on the night of November 1-November 2 to inform Josip Broz Tito of the impending (second) Soviet invasion of Hungary scheduled for November 4.[1]
However, in 1957, he was again forced to resign due to participation in a failed attempt together with Nikolai Bulganin, Vyacheslav Molotov, and Lazar Kaganovich (the so-called Anti-Party Group) to depose Khrushchev. In 1961, he was expelled from the Communist Party and exiled within the Soviet Union. He became a manager of a hydroelectric plant in Kazakhstan.
In the last years before his death, he had returned to the Russian Orthodox faith[citation needed] and was a singer in a church choir in Elokhovo Cathedral in Moscow.[citation needed] His death in 1988 was ignored by Soviet officials.[citation needed] When in 1954 UK Labour Party delegation including Clement Attlee and Aneurin Bevan passed through Moscow on their way to PRC, Malenkov gave a dinner at his dacha. Malenkov seemed "easily the most intelligent and quickest to grasp what was being said"; he said "no more than he wants to say"; he was "extremely agreeable neighbor at the table"; he had a "pleasant, musical voice and spoke well-educated Russian"; he even recommended quietly that British diplomat-translator Cecil Parrott read the novels of Leonid Andreyev, then condemned as decadent. Khrushchev, by contrast, struck British ambassador Sir William Hayter as "rumbustious, impetuous, loquacious, free-wheeling, alarmingly ignorant of foreign affairs." He "spoke in short sentences, in an emphatic voice and with great conviction. . . grinning good-naturedly," he often "stumbled in his choice of words" and "said the wrong thing." He seemed "incapable of grasping Bevan's line of thought," which Malenkov had to explain to him in "words of one syllable." Given to "interrupting," he seemed more eager to talk than to listen and understand. He was "quick but not intelligent." convinced that Malenkov was in charge, no one in the British delegation wanted to be bothered with Khrushchev. Malenkov "spoke the best Russian of any Soviet leader I have heard,; his "speeches were well constructed and logical in their development"; he seemed "a man with a more Western-oriented mind."
References
- ^ Johanna Granville, "Soviet Documents on the Hungarian Revolution, 24 October - 4 November 1956", Cold War International History Project Bulletin, no. 5 (Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, Washington, DC), Spring, 1995, pp. 22-23, 29-34.
Bibiliography
- Johanna, Granville, The First Domino: International Decision Making During the Hungarian Crisis of 1956, Texas A & M University Press, 2004. ISBN: 1585442984.
Further Sources
"Number 2 1/2", Time, Mar 20, 1950.