Littorinidae
| Littorinidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| (unranked): | |
| Superfamily: | |
| Family: | Littorinidae |
| Diversity | |
| 2 freshwater species[2] and numerous marine species. (There is altogether 222 species of Littorinidae in Wikipedia in 4 August 2010.) | |
The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide.
Names
In English-speaking countries in other parts of the world, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Neritidae are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles", simply because they are similarly small, round, marine snails that occupy a kindred ecological niche.
Taxonomy
These subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
- Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
- Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
- Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
Genera
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:[3]
- Littorininae
- Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
- Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
- Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
- Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 - synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;[4] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009[4]
- Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species
- Littorina Férussac, 1822 - 18 species - type genus
- Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885[5]
- Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
- Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 - this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
- Echinolittorina - 59 species worldwide
- Austrolittorina - five species
- Afrolittorina - four species
- Nodilittorina s.s. - the monotypic subgenus[6]
- Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
- Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 - 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.
- Lacuninae
- Bembicium Philippi, 1846
- Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869[5][7] - freshwater snails living in waterfalls.[2]
- Lacuna Turton, 1827 - synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
- Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
- Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902
- Laevilitorininae
- Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamily ?
- Algamorda Dall, 1918
- Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
- Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966
- Synonyms
- Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885[citation needed]
References
- ^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
- ^ a b Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
- ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae
- ^ a b Reid D. G. (2009) "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 2184: 1-103. abstract
- ^ a b (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
- ^ S T Williams , D G Reid , D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.
- "Littorinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
Further reading
David G. Reid, Suzanne T. Williams (2004). "The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina" (PDF). Record of the Australian Museum. 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.
External links
