Tugela River
- "Tugela" redirects here. For the racehorse, see Tugela (horse). For the snout moth genus, see Lamoria.
The Tugela River (Template:Lang-zu; Template:Lang-af) is the largest river in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It is one of the most important rivers of the country.[1]
The river originates in the Drakensberg Mountains, Mont-aux-Sources, (itself the source of tributaries of two other major South African rivers, the Orange River and the Vaal River) and plunges 947 metres down the Tugela Falls. From the Drakensberg range the river follows a 502 kilometres (312 mi) route through the KwaZulu-Natal midlands before flowing into the Indian Ocean.[2] The total catchment area is approximately 29,100 square kilometres (11,200 sq mi).[2] Land uses in the catchment are mainly rural subsistence farming and commercial forestry.
Tributaries
The Tugela has a number of tributaries coming off the Drakensberg, the largest being the Mzinyathi ("Buffalo") River (rising near Majuba Hill), but also the Little Tugela River, Klip River (rising near Van Reenen Pass), Mooi River, Blood River, Sundays River (rising in the Biggarsberg) Ingagani River and Bushman River.[2][3] The Buffalo River joins the Tugela some 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Tugela Ferry at 28°43′04″S 30°38′41″E / 28.71778°S 30.64472°E.
The Blood River is so named due to the defeat of the Zulu king Dingane, on 16 December 1838, by the Boers under Andries Pretorius, when the river is said to have run red with the blood of the Zulus. Below the Blood River is Rorke's Drift, a crossing point and another battle site, this time from the Anglo-Zulu War.
Ecology
The Scaly Yellowfish (Labeobarbus natalensis) is found in the Tugela River System. It is a common endemic fish in KwaZulu-Natal Province and it is found in different habitats between the Drakensberg foothills and the coastal lowlands, including rivers such as the Umkomazi.[4]
Spelling
The spelling "Tugela" was used for most of the twentieth century and is an Anglicised version of the Zulu name "Thukela". Nineteenth-century writers adopted a variety of spellings including:
- Isaacs (1836) used a number of different spellings in his book Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa.[5] including "Ootergale" and "Ootoogale".
- C.R. Maclean (John Ross), writing in the Nautical Magazine in 1853 used the spelling Zootagoola[6]
- Angas, a nineteenth-century artist, used the name "Tugala" on the captions to his sketches.[7]
Some of the variations can be accounted for by the early European writers being unaware that Zulu grammar uses prefixes, often a "i-" or a "u-", to denote the case of a noun.
See also
- Dams on the Tugela
Notes
- ^ Key rivers of South Africa
- ^ a b c "Proposal to establishment a Catchment Management Agency for the Thukela Water Management Area - Appendix A" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. 2004-07. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Thukela WMA 7
- ^ Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007
- ^ Nathaniel Isaacs (1836). Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa - Vol I. Edward Churton. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ C R Maclean (February 1853). "Loss of the Brig Mary at Natal with Early Recollections of that Settlement - Two". The Nautical Magazine: 74–80Reproduced in The Natal Papers of John Ross, edited by Stephen Gray; ISBN 978-0-869-80851-1
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Making outchoualla or native beer, at Gudu's kraal, Tugala River, Zulu country - a sketch by G F Angus; National Library of Australia.
External links
Media related to Tugela River at Wikimedia Commons