Al Bithnah

Al Bithnah
Al Bithnah
	Al Bithnah
	Coordinates: 25°11′20″N 56°13′58″E / 25.18889°N 56.23278°E
Country	United Arab Emirates
Emirate	Fujairah
Elevation	0 m (3 ft)

Al Bithnah is a village in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), long occupying a strategic location in the Wadi Ham, which is the only natural link to the interior of the UAE and the Persian Gulf from the East Coast city, and Emirate, of Fujairah.

Located between Fujairah City and Masafi, the village is the site of a significant stone, mud-brick and adobe fort and a little-known megalithic tomb that links the village to a 3,000-year-old trade route along Wadi Ham through the Hajar Mountains from the East Coast emirate of Fujairah through Masafi (itself part of Ras Al Khaimah) and Manama down to the desert town of Dhaid and then to Sharjah and the Persian Gulf. It has traditionally been inhabited by members of the Sharqiyin (Al Sharqi) tribe.^[1]

History

The Wadi Suq tomb at Bithnah was first excavated by the Swiss-Liechtenstein Foundation for Archaeological Research Abroad (SLFA) between 1987 and 1991. Presided over by Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, and directed in the field by Pierre Corboud, the SLFA team conducted several seasons of survey in the mountainous inland area of Fujairah, including the excavations at Bithnah, where a communal Wadi Suq era grave site was uncovered as well as a number of Iron Age finds.^[2] There have also been excavations by teams from the University of Geneva and French National Research Centre.

Significant Iron Age finds have been made throughout the area, including a number of petroglyphs.^[3]

Bithnah was the site of a significant battle in 1745, according to the historian Ibn Ruzaiq,^[4] between members of the Qawasim (Al Qasimi) and Na'im tribes and the Omani Imam and governor of Sohar, Ahmed bin Said.

By the turn of the 20th century, Bithnah was a village consisting of some 50 houses of Sharqiyin origin, with some 600 sheep and goats and 4,000 date palms.^[5]

Bithnah Fort

Bithnah Fort is thought to date back to the late 18th century, having been built as a result of the Wahhabi incursions of the early 1800s^[6] following the battle of Bithnah. The fort is constructed from stone, mud-brick, adobe and palm-wood planking.

Prior to the construction of the road to Masafi, in the 1970s, traffic through to the interior from the coast passed through the bed of the wadi, overlooked by the fort which would have occupied a strategic location – in fact, Bithnah through the ages has been a strategic holding and was a key mainstay in the fortunes of the Sharqiyin through the 18th and early 19th centuries.^[1]

In 1884, Sheikh Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi took Al Bithnah Fort, control of which was to be essential for him when, in 1901, he once again refused the suzerainty of Sharjah and used the fort at Bithnah to refuse aid to the headman of Kalba, who was related to Sheikh Saqr bin Khalid of Sharjah.^[7]

This event sealed the de facto independence of Fujairah which was not, however, recognised by the British until 1952.^[8]

Prior to 2009, the fort was inhabited by a local man from Bitnah, Saed Ali Saed Al Yamahi.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Lorimer, John (1906). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia. Government of India. p. 60.
^ Corboud, Pierre (1994). Archaeological Survey of Fujairah, 3 (1993): Preliminary Report of the 1993 Campaign of the Archaeological Survey of Fujairah (United Arab Emirates), Volume 3. Berne: Swiss-Liechtenstein Foundation for Archaeological Research Abroad, 1994.
^ "Campus Magazine" (PDF). University of Geneva Campus Magazine. University of Geneva. 1996. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
^ Badger, GP (1986). History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman. UK: Darf Publishers Ltd. p. 166.
^ Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Vol II. British Government, Bombay. p. 618.
^ ^a ^b Ziolowski & Al Sharqi (May 2009). "Tales from the old guards: Bithnah Fort, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 20: 94–107. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0471.2008.00307.x.
^ Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. British Government, Bombay. p. 782.
^ Bey, Frauke (1996). From Trucial States To United Arab Emirates. UK: Longman. p. 296. ISBN 978-0582277281.

[:1-1] Lorimer, John (1906). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia. Government of India. p. 60.

[2] Corboud, Pierre (1994). Archaeological Survey of Fujairah, 3 (1993): Preliminary Report of the 1993 Campaign of the Archaeological Survey of Fujairah (United Arab Emirates), Volume 3. Berne: Swiss-Liechtenstein Foundation for Archaeological Research Abroad, 1994.

[3] "Campus Magazine" (PDF). University of Geneva Campus Magazine. University of Geneva. 1996. Retrieved 10 February 2017.

[4] Badger, GP (1986). History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman. UK: Darf Publishers Ltd. p. 166.

[5] Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Vol II. British Government, Bombay. p. 618.

[:0-6] Ziolowski & Al Sharqi (May 2009). "Tales from the old guards: Bithnah Fort, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 20: 94–107. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0471.2008.00307.x.

[:12-7] Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. British Government, Bombay. p. 782.

[8] Bey, Frauke (1996). From Trucial States To United Arab Emirates. UK: Longman. p. 296. ISBN 978-0582277281.

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