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'''Venera 2MV-2 No.1''',<ref name="LL"/><ref name="GSP"/> also known as '''Sputnik 21''' in the West, was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the [[Venera]] programme, and was intended to make a [[flyby (spaceflight)|flyby]] of [[Venus]].<ref name="RSW">{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_venus.html|title=Russia's unmanned missions to Venus|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|publisher=RussianSpaecWeb|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it failed to leave [[low Earth orbit]], and reentered the atmosphere a few days later.<ref name="EA">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/project/venera.htm|title=Venera|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> It was the second [[Venera 2MV-2]] spacecraft, both of which failed to leave Earth orbit.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-2mv-2.htm|title=Venera (2c) (2MV-2 #1)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> |
'''Venera 2MV-2 No.1''',<ref name="LL"/><ref name="GSP"/> also known as '''Sputnik 21''' in the West, was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the [[Venera]] programme, and was intended to make a [[flyby (spaceflight)|flyby]] of [[Venus]].<ref name="RSW">{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_venus.html|title=Russia's unmanned missions to Venus|last=Zak|first=Anatoly|publisher=RussianSpaecWeb|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it failed to leave [[low Earth orbit]], and reentered the atmosphere a few days later.<ref name="EA">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/project/venera.htm|title=Venera|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=28 July 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65WvOr2K9?url=http://www.astronautix.com/project/venera.htm|archivedate=17 February 2012|df=}}</ref> It was the second [[Venera 2MV-2]] spacecraft, both of which failed to leave Earth orbit.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-2mv-2.htm|title=Venera (2c) (2MV-2 #1)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> |
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Venera 2MV-2 No.1 was launched at 00:59:13 UTC on 12 September 1962, atop a [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya]] 8K78 carrier rocket flying from [[Gagarin's Start|Site 1/5]] at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]].<ref name="LL">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> The rocket performed nominally until cutoff of the [[Blok I]] stage, following injection into a [[low Earth orbit]]. Following cutoff, one of the oxidiser valves failed to close, and [[liquid oxygen]] was allowed to flow into the combustion chamber of one of the [[vernier thruster]]s. The vernier thruster exploded,<ref name="EA-R7">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/soyuz.htm|title=Soyuz|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> causing the rocket to tumble out of control. This led to the formation of bubbles in the upper stage oxidiser pump, which caused the upper stage engine to fail less than a second after ignition.<ref name="GSP"/> It reentered the atmosphere on 14 September 1962, two days after it had been launched.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> |
Venera 2MV-2 No.1 was launched at 00:59:13 UTC on 12 September 1962, atop a [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya]] 8K78 carrier rocket flying from [[Gagarin's Start|Site 1/5]] at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]].<ref name="LL">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> The rocket performed nominally until cutoff of the [[Blok I]] stage, following injection into a [[low Earth orbit]]. Following cutoff, one of the oxidiser valves failed to close, and [[liquid oxygen]] was allowed to flow into the combustion chamber of one of the [[vernier thruster]]s. The vernier thruster exploded,<ref name="EA-R7">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/soyuz.htm|title=Soyuz|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=28 July 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mqiUXlX2?url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/soyuz.htm|archivedate=17 January 2010|df=}}</ref> causing the rocket to tumble out of control. This led to the formation of bubbles in the upper stage oxidiser pump, which caused the upper stage engine to fail less than a second after ignition.<ref name="GSP"/> It reentered the atmosphere on 14 September 1962, two days after it had been launched.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> |
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The designations Sputnik 25, and later Sputnik 21 were used by the [[United States Naval Space Command]] to identify the spacecraft in its [[Satellite Situation Summary]] documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart [[geocentric orbit]].<ref name="RSW"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://filer.case.edu/~sjr16/advanced/20th_soviet_sputnik.html|title=Soviet Craft - Sputnik|last=Robbins|first=Stuart J.|date=11 January 2006|publisher=Journey Through The Galaxy|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/masterCatalog.do?sc=1962-045A |title=Sputnik 21|publisher=NASA NSSDC|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> |
The designations Sputnik 25, and later Sputnik 21 were used by the [[United States Naval Space Command]] to identify the spacecraft in its [[Satellite Situation Summary]] documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart [[geocentric orbit]].<ref name="RSW"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://filer.case.edu/~sjr16/advanced/20th_soviet_sputnik.html|title=Soviet Craft - Sputnik|last=Robbins|first=Stuart J.|date=11 January 2006|publisher=Journey Through The Galaxy|accessdate=28 July 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204083216/http://filer.case.edu/~sjr16/advanced/20th_soviet_sputnik.html|archivedate=4 February 2009|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/masterCatalog.do?sc=1962-045A |title=Sputnik 21|publisher=NASA NSSDC|accessdate=28 July 2010}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 10:04, 11 November 2017
| Mission type | Venus flyby |
|---|---|
| Operator | OKB-1 |
| Harvard designation | 1962 Alpha Phi 1 |
| COSPAR ID | 1962-045A |
| SATCAT no. | 389 |
| Mission duration | Launch failure |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | 2MV-2 |
| Manufacturer | OKB-1 |
| Launch mass | 6,500 kilograms (14,300 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 12 September 1962, 00:59:13 UTC |
| Rocket | Molniya 8K78 s/n T103-14 |
| Launch site | Baikonur 1/5 |
| End of mission | |
| Decay date | 14 September 1962 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Low Earth (achieved) Heliocentric (intended) |
| Semi-major axis | 6,550 kilometres (4,070 mi) |
| Perigee altitude | 163 kilometres (101 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 195 kilometres (121 mi) |
| Inclination | 64.8 degrees |
| Period | 88.07 minutes |
Venera 2MV-2 No.1,[1][2] also known as Sputnik 21 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Venera programme, and was intended to make a flyby of Venus.[3] Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it failed to leave low Earth orbit, and reentered the atmosphere a few days later.[4] It was the second Venera 2MV-2 spacecraft, both of which failed to leave Earth orbit.[2]
Venera 2MV-2 No.1 was launched at 00:59:13 UTC on 12 September 1962, atop a Molniya 8K78 carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.[1] The rocket performed nominally until cutoff of the Blok I stage, following injection into a low Earth orbit. Following cutoff, one of the oxidiser valves failed to close, and liquid oxygen was allowed to flow into the combustion chamber of one of the vernier thrusters. The vernier thruster exploded,[5] causing the rocket to tumble out of control. This led to the formation of bubbles in the upper stage oxidiser pump, which caused the upper stage engine to fail less than a second after ignition.[2] It reentered the atmosphere on 14 September 1962, two days after it had been launched.[6]
The designations Sputnik 25, and later Sputnik 21 were used by the United States Naval Space Command to identify the spacecraft in its Satellite Situation Summary documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart geocentric orbit.[3][7][8]
See also
References
- ^ a b McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter. "Venera (2c) (2MV-2 #1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ^ a b Zak, Anatoly. "Russia's unmanned missions to Venus". RussianSpaecWeb. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ^ Wade, Mark. "Venera". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Wade, Mark. "Soyuz". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
- ^ Robbins, Stuart J. (11 January 2006). "Soviet Craft - Sputnik". Journey Through The Galaxy. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Sputnik 21". NASA NSSDC. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
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