I conducted a very unscientific test on my hearing at home. I downloaded a set of test tones from 20Hz to 20kHz. I set my stereo to a normal listening level then played back the test tones one at a time. At normal listening levels I was able to hear everything up to 14kHz. If I significantly increased the SPL levels I could hear the tones up to 16kHz but I would never play the stereo that loud because the lower frequencies would blast me out of the house.
The issue I have with hearing tests is that while I can hear single isolated frequencies just fine for the most part, I have a lot of trouble understanding speech or picking out specific instruments such as the bass when there is a lot of surrounding sound. "A lot" being relative. For instance I can usually understand vocals when accompanied by acoustic music but can rarely understand even half the lyrics of rock music unless the song is a ballad. But then with ballads the music is subdued. With movies I usually have to pump the center channel way up to understand the dialogue.
I have recently found speakers that overcome, to differing degrees, this forest for the trees issue I have and the solution isn't so much with the absolute flatness of the response but with the separation of the response (space between the notes if you will).
Mike
That's definitely a limitation of pure tone testing. You're absolutely right, it doesn't get to the more central (that is, closer to the central nervous system) dimensions of hearing. The basic audiometric test battery includes a word-recognition task of words presented to each ear in quiet, and that reveals something about the overall distortion in the hearing system. So, two people with exactly the same pure tone thresholds might have very different abilities to repeat single-syllable words back from a random list. One person with a 40 dB flat loss might get 48% out of 50 words correct, another might get 100%.
The thing is, it's pretty rare to see people who have normal hearing thresholds from 250 to 8 KHz and poor word recognition in quiet at the same time. Reliably testing for speech comprehension in noise gets trickier. Trickier still is treating a problem hearing fine details in noise once it's been pinpointed.
On the topic of testing above 8 KHz, sometimes it's done to monitor the hearing of people who have to be on large doses of very specific and nasty antibiotics, or certain chemotherapy drugs. Most ototoxic drugs tend to affect the highest frequencies first. Often, though, the folks taking these don't have the option of decreasing the dosage even if changes in hearing do start to show up.