ALIGNMENT TERMS for CASTER
DEFINITION The forward or backward tilt of the upper ball joint, or top of the
strut, relative to the lower ball joint
PURPOSE Caster affects steering stability and steering wheel returnability
METHODS OF ADJUSTMENT
(1) Shims; (2) Cams; (3) Slotted Frame; (4) Strut Rod; (5) Strut Rotation;
(6) Cradle Movement; (7) Offset Ball Joint; (8) Sliding Ball Joint
0 CASTER The upper ball joint or top strut bearing and lower ball joint are in
the same plane as viewed from the side of the vehicle
POS. CASTER The upper ball joint or top strut bearing is toward the rear of the
vehicle in relation to the lower ball joint as viewed from the side
of the vehicle
NEG. CASTER The upper ball joint or top strut bearing is toward the front of the
vehicle in relation to the lower ball joint as viewed from the side
of the vehicle
ALIGNMENT TERMS for CAMBER
DEFINITION Inward or outward tilt of the top of the wheel
PURPOSE Adjustment centers the vehicle’s load on tire, eliminating pull.
Proper adjustments reduce camber tire wear and pulling
METHODS OF ADJUSTMENT
(1) Shims; (2) Cams; (3) Slotted Frame; (4) Strut Rod; (5) Wedges;
(6) Ball Joint Rotation; (7) Offset Bearing Plates; (8) Cam Bolts;
(9) Eccentrics; (10) Offset Ball Joints
0 CAMBER When wheel and tire assembly are in exact vertical position
POS. CAMBER When the top of the wheel and tire assembly is tilted out, or away
from the engine
NEG. CAMBER The top of the wheel and tire assembly is tilted in toward the engine