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A test, examination or exam (informal, exam or grade evaluation) is a grade designed to measure knowledge, skills, physical fitness or classify an examiner on many other topics (for example, beliefs). The test can be applied verbally, on paper, on a computer, or in a predetermined area that requires the participant to demonstrate or perform a set of skills.

Tests vary in style, rigor and requirements. For example, a test with a closed book usually requires that the test rely on memory to respond to certain elements, whereas in a test with an open book, the test taker can use one or more additional tools, such as a reference book or calculator, when responding, to be applied formally. An example of an informal test is a reading test administered by a parent to a child.

The formal test may be a final exam conducted by a teacher in the classroom or I.Q. a test conducted by a psychologist at the clinic. Formal testing often leads to grade or a test score. The test result can be interpreted according to a given norm or criterion, and sometimes both. The norm can be set independently or by statistical analysis of a large number of participants. The exam is designed to test the knowledge of people or their desire to devote time to manipulating this subject.

A standardized test is any test that is applied and evaluated consistently to provide legal defensibility. Standardized tests are often used in education, professional certification, psychology (for example, MMPI), in the army, and many other areas.

Standardized test scores or standardized test can also be used by universities to determine if a candidate student should be admitted to one of the academic or professional programs. For example, British universities accept candidates for undergraduate degree programs based primarily or exclusively on pre-university qualifications, such as GCE A-levels or Cambridge Pre-U.