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Mechanism of aerobic & an aerobic biodegradation
- 1. MECHANISM OF AEROBIC & AN-AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION PRESENTED BY:- SUKHJEET KAUR M.Sc. BT(H)3SEM 130181106 10/5/2014 1
- 2. CONTENT Biodegradation Types Aerobic degradation Mechanism of aerobic degradation Anaerobic degradation Mechanism of anaerobic degradation Difference between aerobic and anaerobic 10/5/2014 2
- 3. BIODEGRADATION Biodegradation is a natural and complex process of decomposition facilitated by biochemical reactions It is biological transformation of an complex organic material to simpler by micro organisms Biodegradable matter is generally organic material such as plant & animal matter 10/5/2014 3
- 4. DEGRADATION TIME PRODUCT TIME TO DEGRADE APPLE CORE 1-2 months GENERAL PAPER 1-3 months CARDBOARD BOX 2 months COTTON CLOTH 5 months TIN CANS 50-100 months ALUMINIUM CANS 150-200 months 10/5/2014 4
- 5. BIODEGRADEBILITY Very easily degradable Easily degradable Potentially degradable Very slowly degradable 10/5/2014 5
- 6. TYPES AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION AN-AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION 10/5/2014 6
- 7. AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION It is the breakdown of organic contaminants by micro organism when oxygen is present Organic contaminants are rapidly degraded under aerobic conditions by aerobic bacteria called aerobes 10/5/2014 7
- 8. MECHANISM OF AEROBIC DEGRADATION 10/5/2014 8
- 9. EXAMPLE:- GRAM NEGATIVE STRAINS GRAM POSITIVE STRAINS Pseudomonas spp. Nocardia spp. Flavobacterium spp. Mycobacterium spp. Xanthomonas spp. Arthrobacter spp. Acinetobacter spp. Bacillus spp. 10/5/2014 9
- 10. AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF BIOPOLYMERS It mainly includes two steps: 1.Complex organic compounds Exoenzyme action Simple adsorbable polymers 2. Simple polymers respiration Basic elements + energy 10/5/2014 10
- 11. AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION OF CARBOHYDRATES 11 Lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, glycogen Hydrolysis (by respective enzymes) Fructose, cellobiose,pentoses Pyruvate Fructose 1- phosphate Glucose glycolysis fructokinase glycolysis CO₂+ water+ energy +growth TCA cycle 10/5/2014
- 12. 12 AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF LIPIDS Neutral fats, Phospholipids, Wax Fatty acids Fatty Acyl CoA β - oxidation Hydrolysis Lipases,phospholipas es Activation Acetyl coA TCA CYCLE CO₂+ water+ energy +growth 10/5/2014
- 13. 13 AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF PROTEINS Proteins Hydrolysis (by Proteases) Aminoacid peptidases Carboxylic acids of AcetylCoA Arg,His,Glu,Pro Ala,Thr,Gly,Ser Phe,Tyr,Leu,Trp Phe,Tyr 2-Oxo glutarate Pyruvate AcetoacetylCo A Fumarate CO₂+ water+ TCA cycle energy +growth 10/5/2014
- 14. AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS 10/5/2014 14
- 15. DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS It can be converted to the natural intermediates that is catechol and protocatechuate Some Gram negative bacteia have plasmids that encode enzymes for degradation of aromatics called TOL plasmids It mainly involves hydroxylation catalysed by dioxygenase 10/5/2014 15
- 16. 16 Degradation of Aromatic hydrocarbon s 10/5/2014
- 17. DEGRADATION OF TOULENE 10/5/2014 17
- 18. AN-AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION Anaerobic digestion occurs when the anaerobic microbes are dominant over the aerobic microbes widely used to treat wastewater sludge and biodegradable waste because it provides volume and mass reduction e.g Clostridia, Eubacterium spp. 10/5/2014 18
- 19. PROCESS There are four key biological and chemical stages of anaerobic degradation Hydrolysis Acidogenesis Acetogenesis Methanogenesis 10/5/2014 19
- 21. ORGANISMS INVOLVED Acedogenesis- Clostridium,Eubacterium,Ruminococc u Acetogenesis- Syntrophobacter wolanii Syntrophomonas wolfii Methanogenesis- Methanothrix Methanosacenia 10/5/2014 21
- 22. ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION OF CARBOHYDRATES 22 Lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, glycogen Hydrolysis (by respective enzymes) Monomers (Glucose, Pentoses, Cellobiose) Fermentation Formate, Butyrate, Lactate, etc Acetogenesis Acetate Methanogenesis Methane + CO2 10/5/2014
- 23. ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF PROTEIN 23 Proteins Hydrolysis (by Proteases) Aminoacid Deamination Organic acids Fermentation Acetate NH 3 Formate, Butyrate, etc Acetogenesis Methanogenesis Methane + CO2 10/5/2014
- 24. ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF LIPIDS 24 Neutral fats, Phospholipids Inositol, Glycerol, GlucosFeermentation Glycolipids Fatty Acids β- Oxidation Acetyl coA Acetat e Methanogenesis Methane + CO2 10/5/2014
- 25. ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 10/5/2014 25
- 26. ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF XENOBIOTICS 10/5/2014 26
- 27. DEGRADATION OF HERBICIDES DIURON is a systemic herbicide derived from urea, relatively persistent in soil, half-lives from 90 to 180 days. It shows slight acute toxicity It is a likely carcinogen 10/5/2014 27
- 28. Diuron has a very slow rate of natural hydrolysis in a neutral solution at 25 C However, when hydrolysis occurs the degradation in water solution is an irreversible reaction giving 3,4-DCA as the only product 10/5/2014 28
- 29. ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF DIURON 10/5/2014 29
- 30. Difference between aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation AEROBIC Most rapid and fast degradation . No pungent gas produced . More expensive Large disposable waste generated. Microbes are Xanthomonas,Coma monas ANAEROBIC Time consuming and slow Pungent gas produced. Less expensive Less waste is generated Clostridia ,Eubacteria etc. 10/5/2014 30
- 31. REFERENCES Introduction to environmental biotechnology by A.K chatterji A text book of environmental biotechnology by Pradipta Mohaptra www.ensobottles.com/.../Aerobic%20 Anaerobic%20Biodegradation 10/5/2014 31
Editor's Notes
- #17: But disadvantages…………are ..like……..high ..oxygen demand…… and……..large aeration tank capacity…..