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Contrast Media in Radiology

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Abd Alrahman Kfmc

Contrast media are substances used to enhance the contrast of structures or fluids within the body during medical imaging. There are two main types - positive contrast agents that are high in atomic number like iodine and barium, and negative contrast agents that are low in atomic number like air. Positive contrast agents can be water soluble like iodine compounds used for intravenous injections, or water insoluble like barium sulphate used to study the gastrointestinal tract. While generally safe, contrast media do carry risks of minor or major reactions, with ionic contrast media having higher reaction probabilities than non-ionic varieties.

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Contrast Media in Radiology what is used and why Introduced by Abdulrahman Alquait Medical imaging MSc student
-What is a contrast medium or contrast agent? It is a substance used to enhance the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging¹. ¹ contrast agent at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
How can we achieve this?  What type of imaging modality being used?  What part of the body being investigated?
X-Ray (Plain Films, Fluoroscopy and CT)  Beam attenuation.
MRI  T1 & T2 Relaxation times.
Ultrasound  Decreasing reflection or increasing backscatter of echoes.
Types of contrast media in Radiography.  Positive Contrast Agents.  High atomic number.  (e.g. iodine(53) and Barium(56))  Negative Contrast Agents.  Low atomic number.  (e.g. carbon dioxide (CO2) and air )
Positive contrast medium 1. Water insoluble.  Barium sulphate.  Barium meals and barium enemas to study the GI tract.
Positive contrast medium
Positive contrast medium 2. Water soluble.  Iodine compounds.  Intravascular injections.
Positive contrast medium
Safety  Barium contrast media are generally safe if no GI perforation is present.  Iodinated contrast media are relatively safe.  Reactions probability²: o Minor reactions: 12.66% ICM, 3.13% NICM o Major reactions: 0.2% ICM, 0.04% NICM ²Katayama H, et al. Adverse reactions to ionic and nonionic contrast media. A report from the Japanese Committee on the Safety of Contrast Media. Radiology. Jun 1990;175(3):621-8

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Contrast Media in Radiology

  • 1. Contrast Media in Radiology what is used and why Introduced by Abdulrahman Alquait Medical imaging MSc student
  • 2. -What is a contrast medium or contrast agent? It is a substance used to enhance the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging¹. ¹ contrast agent at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  • 3. How can we achieve this?  What type of imaging modality being used?  What part of the body being investigated?
  • 4. X-Ray (Plain Films, Fluoroscopy and CT)  Beam attenuation.
  • 5. MRI  T1 & T2 Relaxation times.
  • 6. Ultrasound  Decreasing reflection or increasing backscatter of echoes.
  • 7. Types of contrast media in Radiography.  Positive Contrast Agents.  High atomic number.  (e.g. iodine(53) and Barium(56))  Negative Contrast Agents.  Low atomic number.  (e.g. carbon dioxide (CO2) and air )
  • 8. Positive contrast medium 1. Water insoluble.  Barium sulphate.  Barium meals and barium enemas to study the GI tract.
  • 10. Positive contrast medium 2. Water soluble.  Iodine compounds.  Intravascular injections.
  • 12. Safety  Barium contrast media are generally safe if no GI perforation is present.  Iodinated contrast media are relatively safe.  Reactions probability²: o Minor reactions: 12.66% ICM, 3.13% NICM o Major reactions: 0.2% ICM, 0.04% NICM ²Katayama H, et al. Adverse reactions to ionic and nonionic contrast media. A report from the Japanese Committee on the Safety of Contrast Media. Radiology. Jun 1990;175(3):621-8