Agents of Erosion
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The document discusses various agents of erosion. It describes how water, in the form of surface water and groundwater, is the most powerful erosion agent and can create landforms like deltas and caves. Ice is also noted as a powerful erosion force, with moving glaciers carving valleys. Wind erosion predominantly impacts arid regions, changing rock shapes. Waves in coastal areas continuously erode old landforms and build new ones through marine processes. The document also notes that human activities now represent a significant force of erosion through construction, mining, and other land alterations.
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EXAMPLE
EROSION & DEPOSITION
EROSION
Is the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another.
Sediment – material moved by erosion .
DEPOSITION
Occurs where the agents of erosion lay down sediment.
Mass Movement
Any one of several processes that move sediment downhill.
Different types of Mass Movement
Landslide
- occurs when rock and soil slide quickly down a steep slope.
Different types of Mass Movement
Mudflow
- mudflow is a rapid downhill movement of a mixture of water, rock, and soil.
Different types of Mass Movement
Slump
- a mass of rock and soil suddenly slips down a slope.
Different types of Mass Movement
Creep
- very slow downhill movement of rock and soil.
Water Erosion
Rills and Gullies
Rills
- tiny grooves in the soil.
Gully
- a large groove , or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm
Streams and Rivers
Stream
- a channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope.
River
- a large stream
Amount of Runoff
In an area depends on five main factors:
1st – amount of rain
2nd – vegetation
3rd – type of soil
4th – shape of the land
5th – how people use the land
Erosion by River
Through erosion, a river creates a waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes.
Waterfall
May occur where a river meets an area of rock that is very hard and erodes slowly.
Flood plain
Flat, wide area of land along a river.
Meander
A loop like bend in the course of the river
Oxbow lake
A meander that has been cut off from the river.
Deposits by River
Deposition creates landforms such as alluvial fans and deltas. It can also add soil to a river’s flood plain.
Alluvial Fans
A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.
Deltas
Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake.
Groundwater Erosion
Groundwater can cause erosion through a process of chemical weathering.
Stalactite – hangs down from the roof of a cave.
Stalagmite – pointed piece of rock that sticks u p from the floor.
How Water Erode and Carries Sediment
Most sediment washes or falls into the river as a result of mass movement and runoff. Other sediment erodes from the bottom or sides of the river.
Abrasion- is the wearing away of rock by grinding action.
- occurs when particles of sediment in flowing water bumped into the steam again and again.
Erosion and Sediment Load
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Slope
Is the amount the river drops toward sea level over a give distance.
Volume of Flow
A river’s flow is the volume of water that moves past a point on the river on a given time.
Streambed Shape
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Agents of Erosion
- 1. END
- 2. INTRODUCTION AGENTS OF EROSION WATER ICE WIND WAVES MAN-MADE THE END
- 3. INDEX
- 4. INDEX
- 5. INDEX
- 6. Water is the Most Powerful Agent of Erosion. Both Surface and Groundwater act as Agent of Erosion. Groundwater creates underground surfaces like- Caves. Water running on land surfaces creates land surfaces like- Deltas. INDEX
- 7. INDEX
- 8. Ice is also a Powerful Agent of Erosion. A large mass of Moving Ice is called Glacier. When they move they carve their own valleys .i.e. U- Shaped and V-Shaped valley. Like Rivers, Glacier break and carry away Rock Fragments. INDEX
- 9. INDEX
- 10. Like ice and water, Wind too erodes, transports and deposits rocks materials. The Action of Wind is more prominent in Arid and Semi-Arid regions. The flow of Wind can change the shape and size of Rocks. INDEX
- 11. INDEX
- 12. In Coastal areas, Sea is constantly eroding old landforms and creating new ones. The Marine Erosion is also a type of Wave Erosion. The Marine Erosion creates landforms such as- An Arch, A Sea Cave, etc. INDEX
- 13. INDEX
- 14. Man is also responsible for erosions. Today man is the strongest agent of erosion. We see several examples in our daily life. Cutting mountains and big rock bodies for road making, building construction and to make farmland etc. Mining for precious metals like gold, silver, copper etc., precious minerals like diamond, garnet etc and construction material like marble, granite etc is also done.. INDEX
- 15. INDEX
- 16. HOME