SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Computer systems

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
U
Udara Sandaruwan

A computer is an electronic machine that can store, retrieve, and process data according to a set of instructions. It converts raw data into meaningful information. Data refers to unprocessed facts while information is processed data that has meaning. A computer system consists of hardware, software, and liveware that work together. The hardware are the physical parts like the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Software includes the programs and applications that make the computer work. Liveware are the computer users. The main components of hardware are the processor, memory, input/output devices, storage, and communication devices. The processor executes instructions and contains the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. Memory temporarily stores data and programs in RAM and permanently stores firmware

1 of 19
Downloaded 391 times
Computer Systems Overview of Computer Systems www.dailyict.com
What is a Computer…? • Man-made, programmable electronic machine that can store, retrieve, and process data according to a given set of instructions • Simply we can say ‘It is electronic/intelligent device which can convert raw DATA in to meaningful INFORMATION ’
DATA • Data can be defined as ‘Raw facts’, ’Meaning less things’ or ‘Un-processed things’ • Normally data can be input to a system. • E.g.- In an organization: employee’s name, number of hours of work, employee address, and employment commenced date, etc
INFORMATION • Processed data and which has a meaning unlike data. • Normally Information are output from a system. • E.g.-In an organization: monthly salary of an employee, total sales in a particular month, etc
Total Computer System • A system is a collection of elements that work together to achieve a common objective. Total Computer System Hardware Software Liveware
Total Computer System Hardware Software System Software Application Software Packages Languages Liveware
Computer Hardware • The physical components (tangible parts) of a computer known as Hardware. • E.g.- System unit, Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor etc
Software • Collection of programs or applications, which contain the instructions that makes the computer work. • E.g.- Windows XP, Ms-Word, Java, AVG, Virus,
Liveware • The computer users are known as Liveware. • It can be anyone who use the computer.
Hardware categorization • Mainly computer Hardware can be categorized as follows, – Processor/CPU – Memory & integrating devices – Input devices – Output devices – Storage devices – Communication devices
Processor/CPU • Can be defined as the ‘Brain’ of the computer. • All the commands are execute from here. • Mainly consists with two parts, »ALU »CU
ALU-Arithmetic & Logic Unit • Responsible for performing Arithmetic functions such as, – Addition (+) – Subtraction (-) – Division(/) – Multiplication(*) • And Logical functions like, – Is Greater than (>) – Is Less than(<)
CU-Control Unit • Responsible for controlling all the Hardware of the computer and all the Software of the computer. • All tasks of the computer has been runs under the direct co-ordinations of CU.
Memory • There are two types of memories within computer, – RAM (Random Access Memory) – ROM (Read Only Memory)
RAM • Random Access Memory. • The currently processing data are held within the RAM. • Measures as a capacity. (MB,GB) • Temporary, Volatile.
ROM • Read Only Memory. • If Compare with the RAM has low capacity. (Measures with KBs) • Contain a special software called ‘Firmware’, which use to turn on the computer (booting) properly by recognizing the Hardware devices at the system start-up. • Firmware also known as ‘BIOS’, Start-up program, ‘CMOS’ setup. • Non-volatile, Permanent memory type
Storage Devices • The memory locations where use to store Data/Information permanently. • E.g. – HDD (Hard Disk Drive) – CD-ROM – DVD-ROM – Tape Drive • Much large in capacities. (Measures by using MBs or GBs)
Communication Devices • Hardware devices use for the communication purposes. • E.g. – MODEM – Router – Switch/Hub – Repeater
Thank You ! Read more tutorials in www.dailyict.com

More Related Content

Computer systems

  • 1. Computer Systems Overview of Computer Systems www.dailyict.com
  • 2. What is a Computer…? • Man-made, programmable electronic machine that can store, retrieve, and process data according to a given set of instructions • Simply we can say ‘It is electronic/intelligent device which can convert raw DATA in to meaningful INFORMATION ’
  • 3. DATA • Data can be defined as ‘Raw facts’, ’Meaning less things’ or ‘Un-processed things’ • Normally data can be input to a system. • E.g.- In an organization: employee’s name, number of hours of work, employee address, and employment commenced date, etc
  • 4. INFORMATION • Processed data and which has a meaning unlike data. • Normally Information are output from a system. • E.g.-In an organization: monthly salary of an employee, total sales in a particular month, etc
  • 5. Total Computer System • A system is a collection of elements that work together to achieve a common objective. Total Computer System Hardware Software Liveware
  • 7. Computer Hardware • The physical components (tangible parts) of a computer known as Hardware. • E.g.- System unit, Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor etc
  • 8. Software • Collection of programs or applications, which contain the instructions that makes the computer work. • E.g.- Windows XP, Ms-Word, Java, AVG, Virus,
  • 9. Liveware • The computer users are known as Liveware. • It can be anyone who use the computer.
  • 10. Hardware categorization • Mainly computer Hardware can be categorized as follows, – Processor/CPU – Memory & integrating devices – Input devices – Output devices – Storage devices – Communication devices
  • 11. Processor/CPU • Can be defined as the ‘Brain’ of the computer. • All the commands are execute from here. • Mainly consists with two parts, »ALU »CU
  • 12. ALU-Arithmetic & Logic Unit • Responsible for performing Arithmetic functions such as, – Addition (+) – Subtraction (-) – Division(/) – Multiplication(*) • And Logical functions like, – Is Greater than (>) – Is Less than(<)
  • 13. CU-Control Unit • Responsible for controlling all the Hardware of the computer and all the Software of the computer. • All tasks of the computer has been runs under the direct co-ordinations of CU.
  • 14. Memory • There are two types of memories within computer, – RAM (Random Access Memory) – ROM (Read Only Memory)
  • 15. RAM • Random Access Memory. • The currently processing data are held within the RAM. • Measures as a capacity. (MB,GB) • Temporary, Volatile.
  • 16. ROM • Read Only Memory. • If Compare with the RAM has low capacity. (Measures with KBs) • Contain a special software called ‘Firmware’, which use to turn on the computer (booting) properly by recognizing the Hardware devices at the system start-up. • Firmware also known as ‘BIOS’, Start-up program, ‘CMOS’ setup. • Non-volatile, Permanent memory type
  • 17. Storage Devices • The memory locations where use to store Data/Information permanently. • E.g. – HDD (Hard Disk Drive) – CD-ROM – DVD-ROM – Tape Drive • Much large in capacities. (Measures by using MBs or GBs)
  • 18. Communication Devices • Hardware devices use for the communication purposes. • E.g. – MODEM – Router – Switch/Hub – Repeater
  • 19. Thank You ! Read more tutorials in www.dailyict.com