gas and liquid permeation

Dec 13, 20147 likes5,313 views

This document discusses gas permeation and liquid permeation. It defines permeation as the penetration of a permeate such as liquid, gas, or vapor through a solid material. Gas permeation uses a non-porous membrane to separate a gaseous feed stream into permeate and non-permeate streams based on differences in permeation rates. Liquid permeation occurs when a volatile liquid mixture is applied to one side of a non-porous membrane and the other side contains liquid, with permeation dependent on molecular size and polarity of the liquid. Common applications include hydrogen separation and removal of carbon dioxide or organic solvents from air.

GAS PERMEATION AND LIQUID PERMEATION
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
ASHWINI KUMAR
RISHABH RAJ

PERMEATION
Permeation is the penetration of a permeate (such as
liquid,gas or vapour) through a solid.
 It is directly related to the concentration gradient of the
permeate, a material's intrinsic permeability, and the
materials' Mass diffusivity.
 Permeation is modeled by equations such as Fick's laws
of diffusion, and can be measured using tools such as a
minipermeameter.
 Permeation works through diffusion; the permeant will
move from high concentration to low concentration
across the interface.

$THEORY  Gas permeation is the term used to describe a membrane separation process using a non-porous semi-permeable membrane. In this, a gaseous feed stream is fractionated into per-meate and non-permeate streams. Transport occurs by a solution-diffusion mechanism and membrane selectivity is based upon the relative permeation rates of the components through the membrane. Each gaseous component transporting through the membrane has a characteristic permeation rate that is a function of the ability to dissolve and diffuse$

 Separation mechanism:
different velocity of gas permeation (sorption, diffusion,
sieving effect, desorption)
 Driving force: partial pressure gradient.
 Working pressure: up to 100 bar.
 Non-porous polymeric membranes:
PDMS(polydimethylsulphoxan),PS(polysulphone),PES.
 Ceramic Membranes (small pores for Knudsen).
 Metallic membranes (Pd and Ag alloys).

process
 In the process as shown in fig. The feed gas at high
pressure P1 contains some low molecular weight species
(molecular weight <50) to be separated from small
amounts of high molecular weight species.
 The other side of the membrane is maintained at much
lower pressure P2 often near ambient pressure the
membrane used is micro pores perm selectivity for
certain low molecular weight species in the feed
gas(species A)
 If the membrane is dense these species are absorbed at
the surface and then transported though the membrane
by one or mechanism.

 Thus perm selectivity depends on both membrane
adsorption and membrane transport rate.
 In this process perfect separation is generally not
achievable, If the difference of molecular weight of
substance is near by.

Calculation:
 The gas permeability was calculated according to the
following equation.
 where l is the film thickness (m), Q is the permeate
volumetric flow rate (mol/s), p2 is the feed absolute
pressure, p1 is the downstream absolute pressure (Pa)
and A is the membrane area available for transport (m2).
Permeability is reported in units of (mol. m /(m2.s.Pa)).

Application:
 Separation of hydrogen from methane,
 Removal of carbon di oxide,
 Removal of organic solvent from air,
 Nitrogen enrichment from air.

Advantages:
 Low capital investment,
 Ease of installation,
 Ease of operation,
 High pressure flexibility,
 Low weight and space requirement,
 Low environmental impact.

Gas
permeation
Residuals gases
to fuel-gas
Hydrogen
Recycle of n-C4
Unitat de
isomerització
n-Butane
Isobutane
Recycle
H2 (96%)
Hydrogen recovery in a butane isomeration plant. A typical PRISM®
Separator
(Airproducts)

LIQUID PERMEATION
 DEFINITION-When a volatile liquid mixture is
imposed on the feed side of a nonporous membrane and
the other side of the membrane has a liquid phase ,the
process is called liquid permeation.
 The molecular structure of the permeating gas or liquid
is an important factor in permeation.Liquid permeation
depends upon the molecular size of the liquid,that is to
say,molecules such as pentane permeate more rapidly
than larger molecules such as decane.

 The polarity of the liquid also plays an important role in
permeation.For example,non polar liquids such as
toluene permeate more rapidly than polar aniline in
membranes such as polyethylene.

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gas and liquid permeation

1. GAS PERMEATION AND LIQUID PERMEATION Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 ASHWINI KUMAR RISHABH RAJ

2. PERMEATION Permeation is the penetration of a permeate (such as liquid,gas or vapour) through a solid.  It is directly related to the concentration gradient of the permeate, a material's intrinsic permeability, and the materials' Mass diffusivity.  Permeation is modeled by equations such as Fick's laws of diffusion, and can be measured using tools such as a minipermeameter.  Permeation works through diffusion; the permeant will move from high concentration to low concentration across the interface.

3. THEORY  Gas permeation is the term used to describe a membrane separation process using a non-porous semi-permeable membrane. In this, a gaseous feed stream is fractionated into per-meate and non-permeate streams. Transport occurs by a solution-diffusion mechanism and membrane selectivity is based upon the relative permeation rates of the components through the membrane. Each gaseous component transporting through the membrane has a characteristic permeation rate that is a function of the ability to dissolve and diffuse

4.  Separation mechanism: different velocity of gas permeation (sorption, diffusion, sieving effect, desorption)  Driving force: partial pressure gradient.  Working pressure: up to 100 bar.  Non-porous polymeric membranes: PDMS(polydimethylsulphoxan),PS(polysulphone),PES.  Ceramic Membranes (small pores for Knudsen).  Metallic membranes (Pd and Ag alloys).

6. process  In the process as shown in fig. The feed gas at high pressure P1 contains some low molecular weight species (molecular weight <50) to be separated from small amounts of high molecular weight species.  The other side of the membrane is maintained at much lower pressure P2 often near ambient pressure the membrane used is micro pores perm selectivity for certain low molecular weight species in the feed gas(species A)  If the membrane is dense these species are absorbed at the surface and then transported though the membrane by one or mechanism.

7.  Thus perm selectivity depends on both membrane adsorption and membrane transport rate.  In this process perfect separation is generally not achievable, If the difference of molecular weight of substance is near by.

8. Calculation:  The gas permeability was calculated according to the following equation.  where l is the film thickness (m), Q is the permeate volumetric flow rate (mol/s), p2 is the feed absolute pressure, p1 is the downstream absolute pressure (Pa) and A is the membrane area available for transport (m2). Permeability is reported in units of (mol. m /(m2.s.Pa)).

9. Application:  Separation of hydrogen from methane,  Removal of carbon di oxide,  Removal of organic solvent from air,  Nitrogen enrichment from air.

10. Advantages:  Low capital investment,  Ease of installation,  Ease of operation,  High pressure flexibility,  Low weight and space requirement,  Low environmental impact.

11. Gas permeation Residuals gases to fuel-gas Hydrogen Recycle of n-C4 Unitat de isomerització n-Butane Isobutane Recycle H2 (96%) Hydrogen recovery in a butane isomeration plant. A typical PRISM® Separator (Airproducts)

12. LIQUID PERMEATION  DEFINITION-When a volatile liquid mixture is imposed on the feed side of a nonporous membrane and the other side of the membrane has a liquid phase ,the process is called liquid permeation.  The molecular structure of the permeating gas or liquid is an important factor in permeation.Liquid permeation depends upon the molecular size of the liquid,that is to say,molecules such as pentane permeate more rapidly than larger molecules such as decane.

13.  The polarity of the liquid also plays an important role in permeation.For example,non polar liquids such as toluene permeate more rapidly than polar aniline in membranes such as polyethylene.

gas and liquid permeation

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