Mesopotamia

The document summarizes the history and developments of Mesopotamian civilizations between 8000-600 BCE. It discusses the Sumerians, who migrated around 4000 BCE and created the first civilization in Mesopotamia by organizing city-states. The Sumerians developed cuneiform writing, astronomy, arts, religion, politics, and agriculture. They were later conquered by the Akkadians, who established the world's first empire under Sargon. The Babylonians then dominated the region under King Hammurabi, who improved defenses and conquered territories. Hammurabi also established one of the first legal codes. Later invasions led to the decline of large political units and a return to smaller city-statesRead less