Trisomy 18
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Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards syndrome, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 18. It occurs due to errors in cell division called nondisjunction. Trisomy 18 can be full, partial, or mosaic and symptoms include low birth weight, clenched fists, heart defects, and developmental delays. The condition is fatal in 95% of cases prenatally or within the first month of life, though treatment focuses on feeding, cardiac, and kidney issues. Trisomy 18 affects approximately 1 in 3,000 to 4,000 live births.
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ssajoeyprince Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused when both parents carry the sickle cell trait and pass it to their child. The red blood cells take on a sickle shape, which prevents them from properly carrying oxygen throughout the body. Symptoms may appear after four months of age and include attacks of pain, breathing issues, fatigue and more. While there is no cure, new treatments are helping those with sickle cell anemia live longer, into their 50s rather than the previous average of 20-40 years of age. Prevention includes vaccinations, genetic counseling before having children, and living a normal life with proper precautions.
Chris j powerpoint anatmoy
Chris j powerpoint anatmoyjoeyprince Leprosy is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae, which is usually spread through respiratory droplets. Children are more susceptible than adults. The top three countries with the most reported leprosy cases are India, Brazil, and Burma. Leprosy has an average incubation period of 3-5 years and the primary sign is pale skin lesions with reduced sensation. If diagnosed early, nerve damage and disability can be avoided through treatment with antibiotics such as rifampicin and daspone.
Aids presentation
Aids presentationjoeyprince HIV and AIDS can be transmitted sexually or through blood and from pregnant women to their babies. While anyone can contract HIV, those most at risk are drug users and the sexually active. Since 1977, HIV/AIDS has been a major problem in Africa due to a lack of money for medicine and treatment.
Jennlevydiseaseppt
Jennlevydiseasepptjoeyprince Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder caused by a defect in the collagen gene that results in brittle bones that break easily from minor stress or trauma. There are four main types of OI that vary in severity from very mild to lethal in infancy. While there is no cure for OI, treatments focus on increasing bone strength through bisphosphonates and low-impact exercise, as well as surgery to repair broken bones. People with OI must manage their condition for life through precautions to avoid further fractures.
Amanda mcgurk lupus
Amanda mcgurk lupusjoeyprince Lupus is an autoimmune disease with no known cause that predominantly affects women aged 15-44, especially those of African American, Asian, Native American, or Pacific Islander descent. Common symptoms include arthritis, joint pain, fever, fatigue, skin rash, and sensitivity to sunlight. While the signs and symptoms vary per individual, lupus produces antibodies that attack the body's own tissues and can affect the lungs, blood, brain, kidney, heart, and joints. There is no cure for lupus currently, but treatment involves medications like steroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatories to reduce symptoms, though it can sometimes be fatal depending on the severity of the case.
Yellow fever slide
Yellow fever slidejoeyprince Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted through the bites of infected female mosquitoes, with an incubation period of 3-6 days. Symptoms include headache, fever and muscle aches initially, and potentially progressing to jaundice, liver failure, and black vomit. While most cases are mild, the disease can be fatal for around 3% of infected individuals in the second more severe phase if left untreated.
Bulimia
Bulimiajoeyprince Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. It can be caused by genetic and environmental factors like role models and social pressures. While anyone can develop it, girls aged 15-24 are most at risk. Bulimia damages the entire body and can lead to organ failure or death if left untreated. Treatment focuses on breaking the binge-purge cycle through therapy and support to address underlying emotional issues.
Yellow fever slide
Yellow fever slidejoeyprince Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted through the bites of infected female mosquitoes, with an incubation period of 3-6 days. Symptoms include headache, fever, and muscle aches initially, which can develop into more severe symptoms like jaundice, liver failure, and black vomit in the second phase for some patients. While most cases resolve on their own, around 3% of infected individuals may die from yellow fever if the disease progresses to liver and kidney failure.
Jennlevydiseaseppt
Jennlevydiseasepptjoeyprince Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder caused by a defect in the collagen gene that results in brittle bones that break easily from minor stress or trauma. There are four main types of OI that vary in severity from very mild to lethal in infancy. While there is no cure for OI, treatments focus on increasing bone strength through bisphosphonates and low-impact exercise, as well as surgery to repair broken bones. People with OI must manage their condition for life through precautions to avoid further fractures.
Black death marley(2)
Black death marley(2)joeyprince Bubonic plague is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium which is typically transmitted through the bites of infected fleas living on rodents like rats, squirrels, and prairie dogs. Symptoms include fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, and other flu-like symptoms appearing 1-6 days after exposure. While not usually chronic, one can be reinfected, so prevention focuses on controlling rodent populations to limit flea-borne transmission of the plague bacterium.
African trypanosomiasis 
African trypanosomiasis joeyprince African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is caused by a parasite called Trypanosoma and transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly. It affects people in rural parts of Africa and causes symptoms like swelling at the bite site, severe fatigue, headaches, joint pain, behavioral changes, and disturbed sleep patterns. While it can cause neurological disorders and death if left untreated, it can be prevented by avoiding tsetse fly habitats or wearing protective clothing, and treated with drugs like Pentamidine, Suramin, and combinations of other drugs.
Shingles
Shinglesjoeyprince Varicella-zoster virus causes both chickenpox and shingles. Shingles occurs when the virus reactivates after dormancy in the nervous system following chickenpox. It is characterized by a painful rash that typically affects a limited area on one side of the body. Treatment aims to reduce pain and complications through antiviral medication started within 24 hours of symptom onset, along with anti-inflammatory drugs and soothing baths. While shingles itself is usually not fatal, high-risk groups could die if exposed without proper medical care.
Anthrax
Anthraxjoeyprince Anthrax is caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. It can infect humans through contact with infected animals or animal products, as well as through inhalation of anthrax spores. There are three main types - cutaneous (skin), inhalation (lungs), and gastrointestinal (digestive system). Symptoms vary depending on type but can include lesions, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory issues. Anthrax spores can also be used as a biological weapon. Diagnosis involves cultures and antibody tests while treatment requires long courses of antibiotics.
Amanda mcgurk lupus
Amanda mcgurk lupusjoeyprince Lupus is an autoimmune disease with no known cause that predominantly affects women aged 15-44, especially those of African American, Asian, Native American, or Pacific Islander descent. Common symptoms include arthritis, joint pain, fever, fatigue, skin rash, and sensitivity to sunlight. While there is no cure for lupus since it is a chronic condition that produces antibodies against a person's own tissues, treatment focuses on managing symptoms with medications like steroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatories.
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- 1. Trisomy 18 By: Marissa Picardi
- 2. Causes Trisomy 18 or Edwards Syndrome: genetic disease that is present in the study of pediatrics Three types of Trisomy 18: Full Trisomy 18, Partial Trisomy 18, and Mosiac Trisomy 18 occurs when an infant or fetus has a third copy of chromosome 18 nondisjunction in cell division A diagnosis of partial trisomy 18 is the only case where the disease could be inherited, otherwise the infant or fetus contracts the disease due to random occurences in the cell.
- 3. Who gets this disease? Its victims are children, due to the diagnosis of the disease will always occur after the time conception or after birth. Trisomy 18 occurs in 1 in about 3,000 to 4,000 births. Girls are three times more likely than boys to be diagnosed with any type of trisomy 18. no racial predilection 95% of all cases die as embryos and fetuses. Most of the infants who survive birth will not live past their first month of life.
- 4. Etiology of Trisomy 18 Symptoms: clenched fists low birth weight kidney problems congential heart disease feet with a rounded bottom mental deficiency small head and jaw underdeveloped fingernails unusually shaped chest hole, split, or cleft in the iris Signs: unusually large uterus small placenta extra amniotic fluid small breast bone abnormal fingerprint patterns
- 5. Pathophysiology Feeding Problems Kidney Problems Heart defects- congenital heart disease Lack of development in motor skills CNS damages-mental deficiencies
- 6. Treatment & Prognosis Trisomy 18 cannot be prevented before conception. Close care of infant nasogastric and gastrosomy supplementation for feeding cardiac management corrective and palliative heart surgery Treatment may not work- 50% of trisomy 18 cases will live past 1st week of life other 50% will die before first month of life
- 7. Works Cited www.nlm.nih.gov www.trisomy18.org www.emedicine.medscape.com www.symptoms101.com