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Flowcharts
- 1. Flowcharts Mukesh N.Tekwani IsmailYusuf College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Jogeshwari (East), Mumbai [email protected] Presented at the One DayWorkshop Organized by K.P.B. Hinduja College of Commerce, University of Mumbai on the Semester-wise splitT.Y.B.Com and S.Y.B.Com Computer papers on July 20, 2013
- 2. What is a Flowchart? What is a flowchart? ◦ Graphical or pictorial representation of an algorithm or problem solving process Flow? ◦ Indicates the flow of logic, or sequence of steps. ◦ There is a ‘before’ step and an ‘after’ step ◦ Flow control is needed because programs are not linear or top-to-down Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 2
- 3. Why flowchart is useful? A picture is worth a thousand words Help in understanding complicated logic Language-independent and so easy to write program in various languages Good tool for documentation ◦ Verbose syntax of certain languages is difficult to understand; flowchart eliminates the need to know syntax to understand the logic Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 3
- 4. What can a Flowchart Represent? Sequential statements – assignment, calculations, input & output Branching or Selection Statements – if-then, if-then-else: using Decision Symbol Looping Statements – for, while loops Switch-Case statement (successive decision symbols) Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 4
- 5. Symbols used in Flowcharts Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 5
- 6. Guidelines in Drawing a Flowchart Logical sequence Standard symbols Direction of flow top-to-down ◦ To jump to a step further down, go from right ◦ To jump to a step above the current step, go from left Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 6
- 7. Guidelines in Drawing a Flowchart Only one flow line should enter a decision symbol More than one flow line may leave a symbol Only one flow line used with Stop symbol Use connector symbol to breakup a complex flowchart A flowchart must end with the Stop statement Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 7
- 8. Flowchart of ‘while’ loop Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 8
- 9. Flowchart of ‘for’ loop Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 9
- 10. Flowchart of ‘if’ statement Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 10
- 11. Flowchart of ‘if-else’ statement Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 11
- 12. Flowchart of ‘switch-case’ statement Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 12
- 13. Sum of Two Numbers Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 13
- 14. START INPUT X, Y Is X > Y ? BIG = X Yes PRINT BIG BIG = Y STOP No L a r g e r O f T w o N u m b e r s Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 14
- 15. F a c t o r i a l o f a N u m b e r Yes START Read N F = 1 M = 1 Is M = N? F = F * M Print F No M = M + 1 STOP Assume: N no. whose factorial is required Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 15
- 17. Flowchart – Find the Largest of Three Numbers Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 17
- 18. Limitations of Flowcharts Complex – for lengthy algorithms, flowchart can be very large difficult to follow Time-consuming – drawing complex flowcharts can be very time-consuming Modification – difficult to modify; redraw entire flowchart Update – program update is easier; not so for flowcharts redraw flowchart ! Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 18
- 19. Exercise Design an algorithm and the corresponding flowchart for finding the sum of the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, …, n Draw a flowchart to read 100 numbers and then display the sum Draw a flowchart to display all odd numbers between 0 and 1000 Draw a flowchart to find the sum of first 10 natural numbers and then display the sum Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 19
- 20. Suggestions Algorithm Flowchart Program Use programs in C language to develop questions on Algorithms and Flowcharts Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 20
- 21. THANK YOU STOP Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 21