Author's Tone

Tone indicates the writer’s attitude. Often an author's tone is described by adjectives, such as: cynical , depressed , sympathetic , cheerful , outraged , positive , angry , sarcastic , prayerful , ironic , solemn , vindictive , intense , excited . What is an author’s tone?

Tone is not an action. It is an attitude.

Real-life Example You can say the same phrase in different ways, each showing a different attitude or tone. Try saying, “Come here, Sally” using the following tones: Commanding or bossy Secretive Loving Angry Excited Playful

Tone is not explained or expressed directly.

A reader must “read between the lines” to feel the author’s attitude and identify the tone.

Tone is different than “Mood.”

Tone is the author’s own attitude toward the subject. Mood is the emotion the author wanted the readers to feel while reading about the subject.

An author’s tone influences the story’s mood and atmosphere.

Author’s Tone leads to Story’s Atmosphere & Mood

An author writes a horror story using a serious and sinister tone. That tone helps create a scary atmosphere and a nervous, frightened mood for the readers. Example:

An author writes a satire, making fun of a horror story using a playful or sarcastic tone. That playful tone helps create a humorous mood for the readers. Another Example:

Literary Examples of Author’s Tones…

Serious / Solemn “ The girl remembered little from the raid at Okeadan in which she had been captured. She knew her parents had been killed. She had no idea what had happened to her brothers and sisters. Much of what she had experienced had been so horrible that she had simply shut it out of her mind. . . .” At Her Majesty’s Request p. 17

Serious / Solemn “ The girl remembered little from the raid at Okeadan in which she had been captured. She knew her parents had been killed. She had no idea what had happened to her brothers and sisters. Much of what she had experienced had been so horrible that she had simply shut it out of her mind. . . .” At Her Majesty’s Request p. 17 This author’s serious tone inspires an atmosphere of tragedy. This leads to a mood of sadness, sympathy, and caring in the reader when reading this passage.

Sarcastic “ Just look at the Titanic. The captain said, ‘Even God can’t sink this ship.’ Then, on the first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, boom, it hit an iceberg and sank. And as soon as a daredevil utters the words ‘piece of cake’ before attempting a stunt, he is doomed. ‘Piece of cake’ becomes his ‘famous last words.’ …” My Brother’s Arm p. 111-2

Sarcastic “ Just look at the Titanic. The captain said, ‘Even God can’t sink this ship.’ Then, on the first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, boom, it hit an iceberg and sank. And as soon as a daredevil utters the words ‘piece of cake’ before attempting a stunt, he is doomed. ‘Piece of cake’ becomes his ‘famous last words.’ …” My Brother’s Arm p. 111-2 This author’s sarcastic tone inspires a slightly humorous atmosphere in spite of tragedy. This puts the reader in a cynical mood.

Humorous “ When he realized he was still in one piece, he knew that at the very least he must be completely flat, with his face peering out of his own bottom and his brains leaking out of his ears. . . .” Toad Heaven p. 64

Humorous “ When he realized he was still in one piece, he knew that at the very least he must be completely flat, with his face peering out of his own bottom and his brains leaking out of his ears. . . .” Toad Heaven p. 64 This author’s humorous tone inspires a comic atmosphere. This leads to a playful mood in the reader. (It also helps the reader identify with and care about the characters.)

Objective / Impersonal “ By nightfall on Monday, the center of the storm had barely moved, and icy winds of hurricane force swept across an area from Virginia up to Nova Scotia, Canada. The wind was so powerful that in Liberty, New York, the local train station had its roof entirely ripped off …” Blizzard p . 56

Objective / Impersonal “ By nightfall on Monday, the center of the storm had barely moved, and icy winds of hurricane force swept across an area from Virginia up to Nova Scotia, Canada. The wind was so powerful that in Liberty, New York, the local train station had its roof entirely ripped off …” Blizzard p . 56 This author’s impersonal tone inspires a serious atmosphere, typical of nonfiction (such as news reports). The mood for this piece might be considered studious or academic.

Enthusiastic “ . . . the next minute, Winn-Dixie looked like a furry bullet, shooting across the building, chasing that mouse. He was barking and his feet were skidding all over the polished Pick-It-Quick floor, and people were clapping and hollering and pointing. They really went wild when Winn-Dixie actually caught the mouse.” Because of Winn-Dixie p. 36

Enthusiastic “ . . . the next minute, Winn-Dixie looked like a furry bullet, shooting across the building, chasing that mouse. He was barking and his feet were skidding all over the polished Pick-It-Quick floor, and people were clapping and hollering and pointing. They really went wild when Winn-Dixie actually caught the mouse.” Because of Winn-Dixie p. 36 This author’s enthusiastic tone inspires an active, lively atmosphere. The author hopes to influence the readers to be in an excited mood, anticipating more action.

Hostile / Angry “ Dana grinned malevolently. His teeth were nubby and yellow, like an old barn dog’s. Kneeling on Roy’s chest, he hauled back to hit him again.” Hoot p. 184

Hostile / Angry “ Dana grinned malevolently. His teeth were nubby and yellow, like an old barn dog’s. Kneeling on Roy’s chest, he hauled back to hit him again.” Hoot p. 184 This author’s angry tone inspires a violent atmosphere. The author may be hoping to inspire a tense and uneasy mood in the reader, emphasizing the conflicts in the story.

Disapproving “ We’d gone a quarter mile down the trail when we ran into a man walking the wrong way. He had a pack on his back – a full, towering, overstuffed pack – and he was sweating hard. His breath sounded like a bellows. I stepped aside to let him pass. I stared. I knew that he was one of the ones who hadn’t made it, who’d quit right there at the start.” Halfway to the Sky p. 32

Disapproving “ We’d gone a quarter mile down the trail when we ran into a man walking the wrong way. He had a pack on his back – a full, towering, overstuffed pack – and he was sweating hard. His breath sounded like a bellows. I stepped aside to let him pass. I stared. I knew that he was one of the ones who hadn’t made it, who’d quit right there at the start.” Halfway to the Sky p. 32 This author’s disapproving tone sets up a competitive atmosphere, leading to a judgmental mood in the reader. It also helps the reader appreciate the accomplishments of the characters.

PERSONAL “ I feel alive for the first time in years,” said Faber. “I feel I’m doing what I should’ve done a lifetime ago. For a little while I’m not afraid. Maybe it’s because I’m doing the right thing at last.. . . . “ Fahrenheit 451 p. 131 “ I feel alive for the first time in years,” said Faber. “I feel I’m doing what I should’ve done a lifetime ago. For a little while I’m not afraid. Maybe it’s because I’m doing the right thing at last . . .” Fahrenheit 451 p. 131 Personal

PERSONAL “ I feel alive for the first time in years,” said Faber. “I feel I’m doing what I should’ve done a lifetime ago. For a little while I’m not afraid. Maybe it’s because I’m doing the right thing at last.. . . . “ Fahrenheit 451 p. 131 “ I feel alive for the first time in years,” said Faber. “I feel I’m doing what I should’ve done a lifetime ago. For a little while I’m not afraid. Maybe it’s because I’m doing the right thing at last . . .” Fahrenheit 451 p. 131 Personal This author’s personal tone leads to an atmosphere of emotional expression and revelation. The author hopes to set a mood of confidentiality and sharing in the readers, helping them to understand and care about the characters.

Corny It sounds clichéd But at times like this, I miss my dad. I mean, I don’t remember him – he died of cancer when I was three. Pictures are all that’s left. My favorite one is us sitting on a bench, eating ice cream. Our knees are knobby the same way, we’re both grinning like hyenas, he’s pointing at the camera. I haven’t had a dad in twelve years. Most of the time, that’s okay. But today, right now, I’d like a hug. From him. Shark Girl , Kelly Bingham Grieving

Corny It sounds clichéd But at times like this, I miss my dad. I mean, I don’t remember him – he died of cancer when I was three. Pictures are all that’s left. My favorite one is us sitting on a bench, eating ice cream. Our knees are knobby the same way, we’re both grinning like hyenas, he’s pointing at the camera. I haven’t had a dad in twelve years. Most of the time, that’s okay. But today, right now, I’d like a hug. From him. Shark Girl , Kelly Bingham Poets often “bare their souls” in their poems. This poet’s grieving tone reveals her deepest feelings about her father, creating an atmosphere of sadness and longing. This inspires a mood of sympathy and caring in the readers. Grieving

Indifferent Flicker A maid cleans. A crew cuts the lawn. Even the groceries get delivered. Jordan’s dad is home, for once, but he barely lifts his head from his laptop to meet me. His eyes flicker in surprise, but he slams his attention back to the screen and coughs to dismiss us. Reaching for Sun , Tracie Vaughn Zimmer

Indifferent Flicker A maid cleans. A crew cuts the lawn. Even the groceries get delivered. Jordan’s dad is home, for once, but he barely lifts his head from his laptop to meet me. His eyes flicker in surprise, but he slams his attention back to the screen and coughs to dismiss us. Reaching for Sun , Tracie Vaughn Zimmer This poet’s indifferent tone creates an impersonal, possibly uncaring atmosphere. This causes an emotionally empty mood in the reader. It allows the reader to understand why the speaker in the poem may be depressed.

Examples of Tone Cautious Humorous Affectionate Hostile Critical Objective Personal Violent Solemn / Serious Sarcastic Disapproving Enthusiastic Desperate Pleading Indifferent

It will help you “get the message” of the text. The next time you read a passage, try to identify the author’s tone.

Bingham, Kelly. Shark Girl . Boston: Candlewick, 2010. Print. Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451 . New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1967. Print. Bradley, Kimberly Brubaker. Halfway to the Sky . New York: Yearling Press, 2003. Print. Dicamillo, Kate. Because of Winn-Dixie . New York: Candlewick Press, 2000. Print. Gleitzman, Morris. Toad Heaven . New York: Yearling Press, 2006. Print. Hiaasen, Carl. Hoot . New York: Yearling Press, 2006. Print. Lehmann, L. R. Blizzard . Salt Lake City, Utah: Quikread Press, 1997. Print. Myers, Walter Dean. At Her Majesty's Request: An African Princess in Victorian England . New York: Scholastic Press, 1999. Print Zimmer, Tracie Vaughn. Reaching for Sun . New York: Bloomsbury Children's, Distributed to the trade by Holtzbrinck, 2007. Print. Works Cited Created at www.bibme.org

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