1730s - Wikiwand

The 1730s decade ran from January 1, 1730, to December 31, 1739.

1730

January–March

January 30 (January 19 O.S.) – At dawn, Emperor Peter II of Russia dies of smallpox, aged 14 in Moscow, on the eve of his projected marriage.
February 26 (February 15 O.S.) – Anna of Russia (Anna Ioannovna) becomes reigning Empress of Russia following the death of her cousin Emperor Peter II.
February 28 – Vitus Bering returns to the Russian capital of Saint Petersburg after completing the First Kamchatka expedition.
March 5 – The 1730 papal conclave to elect a new Pope for the Roman Catholic church begins with 30 Cardinals, 12 days after the death of Pope Benedict XIII. By the time his successor is elected on July 12, there are 56 Cardinals.
March 9 – General Nader Khan of Persia opens the first campaign of the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735), guiding the Persian Army from Shiraz and starting the Western Persia Campaign against the Ottoman Empire.
March 12 – John Glas is deposed from the Church of Scotland; the Glasite sect forms around him.^[1]
March 16 – The establishment by Thomas Cresap of Wright's Ferry under the authority of the Province of Pennsylvania^[2] becomes the basis for Cresap's War, a nine-year-long conflict also known as the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary dispute; the conflict mainly centers in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and York County, Pennsylvania on either bank of the Susquehanna River.

April–June

April 8 – Congregation Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.
May 9 (April 28 O.S.) – The coronation of Anna of Russia as Empress of Russia takes place in Saint Petersburg.
May 15 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, retires from his role in the government of Great Britain, leaving Robert Walpole as sole and undisputed leader of the Cabinet (i.e., prime minister). In the new Walpole ministry, Sir William Strickland, 4th Baronet, becomes Secretary at War, and Henry Pelham is Paymaster of the Forces; Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington briefly becomes Lord Privy Seal.
June 1 – Enslaved woman Sally Basset is put on trial for murder in Bermuda; she will eventually be convicted and burned at the stake.
June 19 – At the urging of Sir William Gooch, the Virginia House of Burgesses passes the Virginia Tobacco Inspection Act to regulate the quality of tobacco in Virginia, 46 to 5.^[3]^[4]
June 27 – French explorer Alphonse de Pontevez, commanding the frigate Le Lys, claims an Indian Ocean atoll for France and names it after himself as the Alphonse Atoll. The next day, he claims and names the St. François Atoll.

July–September

July 8 – 1730 Valparaíso earthquake: An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.1 strikes Valparaíso, in modern-day Chile but at this time in the Viceroyalty of Peru.
July 12 – The papal conclave selects Cardinal Lorenzo Corsini over Cardinal Pietro Marcellino Corradini as the successor to Pope Benedict XIII. Corsini becomes Pope Clement XII as the 246th pope.
August 4 – Maria Madlener becomes the last person to be executed after the Galgeninsel witch trials in Bavaria, and is beheaded by sword.
August 5 – Prince Frederick of Prussia, the eldest son of King Frederick William and a high-ranking officer, attempts to flee to England after deserting the Prussian Army and is captured along with his fellow officer Hans Hermann von Katte. Katte is executed, and Crown Prince Frederick is imprisoned at Küstrin (modern-day Kostrzyn nad Odrą in Poland) for a year before being forgiven by his father. Prince Frederick later succeeds his father as King and will be remembered as Frederick the Great.^[5]
August 12 – General Nader Khan of Persia captures Tabriz from the Ottoman Empire, bringing an end to the Western Persia Campaign, the first major action in the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735). Tabriz becomes a permanent part of Iran. Nader leaves the city four days later to begin the Herat Campaign of 1731.
August 25 – French Protestant Marie Durand is imprisoned in the Tower of Constance at Aigues-Mortes for her defiance of the Roman Catholic government, and is kept captive for the next 38 years. During her incarceration, she continues to resist converting to Catholicism as a condition of release. She is finally set free on April 14, 1768 and lives 8 more years.
September 1 – A volcano erupts on Lanzarote, the easternmost of the Canary Islands and threatens the Spanish inhabitants. On Gran Canaria, the regent of the islands reports to Madrid that the flames are visible even from 130 miles (210 km) away.^[6]
September 17 – Mahmud I (d. 1754) succeeds Ahmed III (ruled since 1703) as Ottoman Emperor.

October–December

October 22 – Construction of the Ladoga Canal, linking the Neva and Svir Rivers, one of the first major navigable canals constructed in Russia, is completed.
November 6 – After being convicted of treason for attempting to desert the Prussian Army with Crown Prince Frederick, Hans Hermann von Katte is beheaded at the Küstrin Prison. Frederick's father, King Frederick William, forces the prince to watch the execution.^[5]
December 9 – The first documented notice in North America about freemasonry is published in The Pennsylvania Gazette in an article by its publisher, Benjamin Franklin.^[7]
December 27 – The Dutch East India Company ends an almost 11-year effort of trying to maintain a colony around Delagoa Bay in southern Africa in modern-day Mozambique. The entire population of the settlement, Fort Lydzammheid (near modern-day Maputo) is evacuated by the ships Snuffelaar, Zeepost and Feyenoord and the group returns to Cape Town.^[8]

Date unknown

The Missouria tribe is almost destroyed when hundreds are killed in an attack by the Meskwawi and Sauk.

Births

1730

January 3 – Velu Nachiyar, queen regnant of Sivaganga (d. 1796)^[107]
March 7 – Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, last prime minister of the French monarchy (d. 1807)^[108]
April 1 – Salomon Gessner, Swiss painter and newspaper publisher (d. 1788)
April 16 – Henry Clinton, British general (d. 1795)
April 26 – John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1805)
May 13 – Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1782)^[109]
May 28 – Maria Angela Ardinghelli, Italian scientific translator (d. 1825)
June 21 – Motoori Norinaga, Japanese philologist, scholar of the kokugaku school (d. 1801)
July 10 – Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, French Freemason (d. 1824)
July 12
- Anna Barbara Reinhart, Swiss mathematician (d. 1796)
- Josiah Wedgwood, English pottery manufacturer and abolitionist (d. 1795)
July 26 – Charles Messier, French astronomer (d. 1817)
August 1 – Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol, English Anglican prelate (d. 1803)
August 27 – Johann Georg Hamann, German philosopher (d. 1788)
September 7 – Elisabetta de Gambarini, English composer (d. 1765)
September 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian army officer (d. 1794)
November 23 – William Moultrie, American general (d. 1805)
December 14 – James Bruce, Scottish explorer (d. 1794)
December 25 – Filippo Mazzei, Italian physician, friend of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1816)
December 30 – William Hamilton, British diplomat, antiquary (d. 1803)
Henry Clinton
date unknown
- Jacob Alyashar, Talmudist and emissary (d. c. 1790)^[110]
- John Cook, American farmer, President of Delaware (d. 1789)
- Anne Rossignol, African slave trader (d. 1810)
- John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, Scottish peer and colonial governor in the Americas (d. 1809)
- White Eyes, Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. 1778)

1731

January 3 – Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (d. 1792)
February – Charles Churchill, English poet (d. 1764)
March 19 – Gabriela Silang, Filipino rebel leader and heroine (d. 1763)
April 8 – William Williams, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1811)
May 8 – Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London and abolitionist (d. 1809)
June 2 – Dorothea Biehl, Danish writer (d. 1788)
July 16 – Samuel Huntington, Patriot in the American Revolution and politician (d. 1796)
August – Henry Constantine Jennings, English gambler and collector (d. 1819)

October 10 – Henry Cavendish, English scientist (d. 1810)
November 9 – Benjamin Banneker, African-American astronomer, surveyor of the District of Columbia (d. 1806)
November 15 – William Cowper, English poet (d. 1800)
December 8 – František Xaver Dušek, Czech composer (d. 1799)
December 12 – Erasmus Darwin, English scientist and grandfather of Charles Darwin (d. 1802)
December 28 – José de Viera y Clavijo, Spanish writer
Nikephoros Theotokis, Greek scholar and theologian (d. 1800)

1732

January – Abbas III, Shah of Persia (d. 1740)
January 17 – Stanisław August Poniatowski, last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (d. 1798)
January 20 – Richard Henry Lee, 12th President of the Continental Congress (d. 1794)
January 24 – Pierre de Beaumarchais, French writer (d. 1799)^[111]
February – Charles Churchill, English poet (d. 1764)
February 6 – Charles Lee, general of the Continental Army (d. 1782)

George Washington

Jean-Bernard Restout

February 22
- George Washington, first President of the United States (d. 1799)
- Jean-Bernard Restout, French painter (d. 1797)
March 1 – William Cushing, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1810)
March 31 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1809)
April 5 – Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French painter (d. 1806)
April 8 – David Rittenhouse, American astronomer, inventor, mathematician, surveyor, scientific instrument craftsman and public official (d. 1796)
April 13 – Frederick North, Lord North, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1792)^[112]
April 17 – John Blair Jr., American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1800)
June 21 – Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German composer (d. 1795)
September 2 – William Crawford, American soldier and surveyor (d. 1782)
September 26 – José de Córdoba y Ramos, Spanish explorer, naval commander (d. 1815)
September 30 – Jacques Necker, French politician (d. 1804)
October 6 – Nevil Maskelyne, English Astronomer Royal (d. 1811)
October 10 – John Hancock, American silversmith (d. 1784)
October 24 – Cristina Roccati, Italian scholar in physics (d. 1797)
November 4 – Thomas Johnson, American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1819)
November 9 – Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse, French salon holder (d. 1776)
November 13 – John Dickinson, Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania (d. 1808)
December 6 – Warren Hastings, British administrator (d. 1818)
December 15 – Carl Gotthard Langhans, German architect (d. 1808)
December 21 – Johann Christian Wiegleb, German chemist (d. 1800)
December 23 – Richard Arkwright, English inventor (d. 1792)
date unknown – Francis Marion, American officer (d. 1795)

1733

January 22 – Philip Carteret, Jersey-born British naval officer and circumnavigator (d. 1796)
January 24 – Benjamin Lincoln, major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and politician (d. 1810)

March 13 – Joseph Priestley, English scientist and minister (d. 1804)
May 4 – Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (d. 1799)
July 27 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (d. 1779)
September 5 – Christoph Martin Wieland, German poet and writer (d. 1813)
September 18 – George Read, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1798)
October 14 – François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (d. 1798)
October 15 – Lisa Eriksdotter, Finnish visionary
November 16 – Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent ruler of Bengal of undivided India (d. 1757)
November 20 – Philip Schuyler, general in the American Revolution, United States Senator from New York, father of Angelica Schuyler Church and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton (d. 1804)
undated – Johanna Löfblad, Swedish actor and singer (d. 1811)

1734

January 16 – John A. Treutlen, Governor of Georgia (d. 1782)
January 20 – Robert Morris, Founding Father of the United States (d. 1806)
February 15 – William Stacy, American Revolutionary War officer (d. 1802)
February 27 – Thomas Conway, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1800)
March 1 – Jeanne de Bellem, heroine of the Brabant Revolution
March 19 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)
April 17 – Taksin, King of Thailand (d. 1782)
April – Elsa Beata Bunge, Swedish botanist (d. 1819)
May 23 – Franz Mesmer, Austrian physician (d. 1815)
July 25 – Ueda Akinari, Japanese author and scholar (d. 1809)
August 10 – Naungdawgyi, Burmese king (d. 1763)
August 24 – Benjamin Church, first Surgeon General of the United States Army (d. 1763)
September 3 – Joseph Wright, British painter (d. 1797)
September 17 – Elizabeth Canning, English maidservant and kidnappee (d. 1773)
October 7 – Sir Ralph Abercromby, British general (d. 1801)

November 2 – Daniel Boone, American frontiersman (d. 1820)
December 1 – Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, Polish aristocrat and patron of the arts (d. 1823)
December 17 – Queen Maria I of Portugal (d. 1816)
December 21 – Paul Revere, American silversmith, engraver, and Patriot in the American Revolution (d. 1818)
December 26 – George Romney, English painter (d. 1802)
December 31 – Francisco Manoel de Nascimento, Portuguese poet (d. 1819)
date unknown
- Catharina Ahlgren, Swedish poet, editor and early feminist (d.1800)
- Ulrica Arfvidsson, Swedish fortune teller (d. 1801)
- Elżbieta Branicka, Polish szlachta and politician (d. 1800)
- John Dawson, English mathematician and surgeon (d.1820)
- Pedro Fages, Spanish soldier, explorer, and Governor of Alta California (d. 1794)
- Rohal Faqir, Pakistani saint-poet and mystic (d.1804)

1735

January 1 – Paul Revere, American silversmith and patriot (d. 1818)
January 8 – John Carroll first Roman Catholic Archbishop in the U.S. (d. 1815)
January 9 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1823)
January 27 – Étienne Clavière, French financier and politician (d. 1793)
February 13 – Crown Prince Sado of Joseon (d. 1762)
February 28 – Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde French musician and chemist (d. 1796)
March 1 – Caroline Thielo, Danish actress (d. 1754)
March 29 – Johann Karl August Musäus German author (d. 1787)
April 13 – Isaac Low, New York delegate to the Continental Congress (d. 1791)
May 1 – Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro Spanish Jesuit philologist (d. 1809)
May 23 – Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, (d. 1814)
June 16 – Nicolas Bernard Lépicié, French painter (d. 1784)
June 26 – Joseph Ducreux, French noble, portrait painter, pastelist, miniaturist and engraver (d. 1802)
July 4 – Jacoba van den Brande, Dutch culture personality (d. 1794)
July 10 – Ulrika Pasch, Swedish painter (d. 1796)
September 5 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (d. 1782)
September 6 – John Joseph Merlin, born Jean-Joseph Merlin, Liège-born clock- and musical-instrument-maker and inventor (d. 1803)
September 20 – James Keir, Scottish geologist, chemist and industrialist (d. 1820)
September 28 – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1811)
October 9 – Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick (d. 1806)
October 21 – Richard Gough, English antiquary (d. 1809)

October 30 – John Adams, second President of the United States (d. 1826)
November 10 – Granville Sharp, English abolitionist (d. 1813)
December 29 – Thomas Banks, English sculptor and artist (d. 1805)
December 31 – Jean de Crévecoeur, French-American writer (d. 1813)
date unknown
- John Julius Angerstein, Russian-born English merchant, insurer and art collector (d. 1823)
- William Bell, English portrait painter from Newcastle upon Tyne (d. c. 1806)
- Bety of Betsimisaraka, queen regnant (d. 1805)
- Mary Evans, Welsh religious leader (d. 1789)
- Edward Telfair, Scottish-born American politician and Governor of Georgia (d. 1807)
- Regina-Louise von Freedricksz, Russian industrialist (d. 1821)

1736

January 7 – Andrew Adams, American judge (d. 1797)

January 19 – James Watt, Scottish inventor (d. 1819)^[113]
January 25 – Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Italian-born mathematician (d. 1813)
February 3 – Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Austrian musician (d. 1809)
February 29 – Ann Lee, English-born American religious leader (d. 1784)
March 20 – Rama I, First King of Siam (d. 1809)
May 8 – Caterina Dolfin, Italian (Venetian) poet (d. 1793)
May 10 – George Steevens, English literary critic (d. 1800)
May 29 – Patrick Henry, American patriot (d. 1799)
June 3 – Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet, Prime Minister of Naples (d. 1811)
June 7 – Fermín Lasuén, Spanish missionary (d. 1803)

June 14 – Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (d. 1806)
June 21 – Enoch Poor, American general (d. 1780)
June 25 – John Horne Tooke, English politician, philologist (d. 1812)
July – Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor of the Spanish Province of New Mexico (d. 1788)

August 9 – Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé (d. 1818)
August 15 – Alexander Runciman, Scottish painter (d. 1785)
August 26 – Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle, French geologist (d. 1790)
September 15 – Jean Sylvain Bailly, French astronomer (d. 1793)
September 16 – Carter Braxton, signer of the American Declaration of Independence (d. 1797)
October 27 – James Macpherson, Scottish poet (d. 1796)
date unknown
- Robert Jephson, Irish dramatist (d. 1803)
- Li Ching-Yuen, Chinese herbalist, martial artist and tactical advisor (d.1933) (claimed)
- Pierre le Pelley I, Seigneur of Sark (d. 1778)
- Claudius Smith, American revolutionary (d. 1779)
- Sir James Tylney-Long, 7th Baronet, English politician (d. 1794)

1737

January 4 – Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, French chemist, politician (d. 1816)
January 23 – John Hancock, American politician and revolutionary (d. 1793)

January 29 – Thomas Paine, British-born American patriot and pamphleteer (d. 1809)
March 14 – Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus, Aromanian physician and noble (d. 1828)^[114]
March 23 – Arthur St. Clair, American soldier and politician (d. 1818)
April 27 – Edward Gibbon, English historian and politician (d. 1794)
May 2 – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1805)^[115]
June 20 – Tokugawa Ieharu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1786)
August 5 – Johann Friedrich Struensee, Danish royal physician (d. 1772)
August 14 – Charles Hutton, English mathematician (d. 1823)
August 29 – John Hunter, second governor of New South Wales (d. 1821)
September 9 – Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798)
September 14 – Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1806)
September 15 – Miklós Küzmics, Hungarian Slovenes writer, Catholic priest (d. 1804)
September 19 – Charles Carroll of Carrollton, only Roman Catholic signer of the American Declaration of Independence (d. 1832)
December 26 – Prince Josias of Coburg, Austrian general (d. 1815)
date unknown –
- Frances Abington, English actress (d. 1815)
- Gelelemend, Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. 1811)

1738

January 21 – Ethan Allen, American patriot (d. 1789)
February 6 – Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist and surgeon (d. 1795)
April 12 – Padre Francisco Garcés, Spanish missionary (d. 1781)
April 14 – William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1809)^[116]
May 27 – Nathaniel Gorham, American politician (d. 1796)
May 28 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French physician (d. 1814)
June 4 – King George III of the United Kingdom (d. 1820)
July 3 – John Singleton Copley, American painter (d. 1815)
July 20 – Darejan Dadiani, Georgian queen consort (d. 1807)
July 22 – Anne d'Yves, writer, participant in the Brabant Revolution (d. 1814)
August 28 – Etteilla, French occult cartomancer (d. 1791)
September 25 – Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and President of Delaware (d. 1789)
October 11 – Arthur Phillip, British admiral and Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814)
October 18 – Andrei Bolotov, Russian agriculturalist and memoirist (d. 1833)
October 29 – Charles Spalding, Scottish inventor and underwater diver (d. 1783)

November 15 – William Herschel, German-born astronomer (d. 1822)
December 31 – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (d. 1805)

1739

January 25 – Charles François Dumouriez, French general (d. 1823)
February 15 – Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect (d. 1813)
March 16 – George Clymer, American politician and Founding Father (d. 1813)
March 19 – Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, Third Consul of France (d. 1824)
August 31 – Johann Augustus Eberhard, German theologian, philosopher (d. 1809)
September 12 – Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, Methodist preacher and philanthropist (d. 1816)
October 11 – Grigory Potemkin, Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman and favourite of Catherine the Great (d. 1791)
November 2 – Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, Austrian composer (d. 1799)
November 8 – Henrik Gabriel Porthan, Finnish professor and historian (d. 1804)^[117]
November 20 – Jean-François de La Harpe, French critic (d. 1803)
December 14 – Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, French politician (d. 1817)
date unknown
- Antonio Cachia, Maltese architect, engineer and archaeologist (d. 1813)
- Bénédict Chastanier, French surgeon (d. 1816)
- Margherita Dalmet, Venetian dogaressa (d. 1817)
- Paul François Ignace de Barlatier de Mas, French naval captain (d. 1807)
- Samuel Mason, Revolutionary War soldier, early American outlaw (d. 1803)
- Karoline Kaulla, German banker (d. 1809)
- Yelizaveta Belogradskaya, Russian singer and musician

Deaths

1730

January 1
- Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, English politician (b. 1647)
- Samuel Sewall, English-born judge (b. 1652)^[118]
January 7 – Árni Magnússon, Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector (b. 1663)^[119]
January 18 – Antonio Vallisneri, Italian scientist (b. 1661)
January 30 – Emperor Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
February 9 – Johann Georg von Eckhart, German historian (b. 1664)
February 12 – Luca Carlevarijs, Italian painter (b. 1663)^[120]
February 21 – Pope Benedict XIII, Italian pontiff (b. 1649)^[121]
March 20 – Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (b. 1692)^[122]
March 22 – Benedetto Pamphili, Italian cardinal, patron of the arts, composer and librettist (b. 1653)^[123]
March 23 – Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (b. 1654)
May 13 – Sir Justinian Isham, 4th Baronet, English landowner and Member of Parliament (b. 1658)
May 30 – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (b. 1648)
June 6 – Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, Marshal of France in the reign of Louis XIV and Louis XV (b. 1646)
June 18 – Yinxiang, Qing dynasty prince (b. 1686)
June 19 – Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor, English judge and politician (b. 1658)
June 21 – Sarah Basset, Bermudian slave, origin of legend
June 28 – Joachim Bouvet, French Jesuit active in China (b. 1656)
July 7 – Olivier Levasseur, French pirate
July 9 – Issachar Berend Lehmann, German-Jewish banker, Court Jew in Hanover (b. 1661)
July 18 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy, French soldier (b. 1644)
August 10 – Sébastien de Brossard, French composer and music theorist (b. 1655)
August 12 – Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate, German princess (b. 1652)
August 19 – James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater, Scottish politician (b. 1664)
September 9 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, English courtier (b. 1662)
September 10 – Guichard Joseph Duverney, French anatomist (b. 1648)
September 14 – Sophia Elisabet Brenner, Swedish writer (b. 1659)^[124]
September 27 – Laurence Eusden, English poet (b. 1688)

October 12 – Frederick IV, King of Denmark and Norway (b. 1671)
October 16 – Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, French explorer (b. 1658)
October 23 – Anne Oldfield, English actress (b. 1683)^[125]
November 1 – Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, Italian soldier and naturalist (b. 1658)
November 21 – François de Troy, French portrait artist (b. 1645)
December 31 – Carlo Gimach, Maltese architect, engineer and poet (b. 1651)^[126]

1731

January 6 – Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (b. 1672)
January 20 – Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1679)
January 23 – Anna Lohe, Swedish banker (b. 1654)

January 27 – Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italian maker of musical instruments (b. 1655)
February – Thomas Hancorne, Welsh clergyman and theologian (b. 1642)
February 10 – George Carpenter, 1st Baron Carpenter, British Army general (b. 1657)
February 15 – Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado, Spanish Dominican lay sister and mystic (b. 1643)
February 22 – Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1638)
March 5 – Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi, Sufi academic (b. 1641)
March 6 – Johann Melchior Dinglinger, German goldsmith (b. 1664)
March 8 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (b. 1688)
March 9 – Frances Talbot, Countess of Tyrconnell, English-born courtier and vicereine of Ireland (b. c. 1649)
March 12 – Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (b. 1660)
March 23 – Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1662)
April 24 – Daniel Defoe, English writer (b. c. 1660)
April 28
- Johann Theodor Jablonski, German lexicographer (b. 1654)
- James Olmsted, Connecticut politician (b. 1645)
May 1 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer (b. 1677)
May 11 – Mary Astell, English feminist writer (b. 1666)
May 17 – Samuel Bradford, English churchman, Whig politician (b. 1652)
June 20 – Ned Ward, English writer, publican (b. 1667)
July 18 – Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1653)
August 27 – Eudoxia Lopukhina, Russian Tsarina, divorced spouse of Peter the Great of Russia (b. 1669)
December 17 – George Lockhart, Scottish writer, spy and politician, killed in duel (b. 1673)
December 20 – Chhatrasal, Maharaja of Madhya Pradesh (b. 1649)
December 26 – Antoine Houdar de la Motte, French writer (b. 1672)
December 29 – Brook Taylor, English mathematician (b. 1685)

1732

January 12 – John Horsley, British archaeologist (b. c.1685)
January 14 – Richard Hancorne, Welsh clergyman (b. 1687)
January 22 – Louis de Sabran, British theologian (b. 1652)
February 6 – Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch, wealthy Scottish peeress (b. 1651)
February 7 – William Hiseland, English (later British) soldier, reputed supercentenarian (b. 1620)
February 13 – Charles-René d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1640)^[127]
February 17 – Louis Marchand, French organist and harpsichordist (b. 1669)
February 18 – Balthasar Permoser, German sculptor (b. 1651)
February 22
- Francis Atterbury, English bishop and man of letters (b. 1663)
- Marie Thérèse de Bourbon, Princess of Conti and titular queen of Poland (b. 1666)
February 27 – Giacomo Serpotta, Italian artist (b. 1652)
February 28 – André Charles Boulle, French cabinet-maker (b. 1642)
March 20 – Johann Ernst Hanxleden, German philologist (b. 1681)^[128]
April 6 – Count Palatine Francis Louis of Neuburg, Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order (b. 1664)
April 28 – Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield (b. 1666)
May 20 – Thomas Boston, Scottish church leader (b. 1676)
May 30 – John King, English churchman (b. 1652)
July 11 – Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (b. 1659)
July 15 – Woodes Rogers, English privateer and first Royal Governor of the Bahamas (b. c. 1679)
September 24 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (b. 1654)
October 6 – George Duckett (Calne MP), English politician (b. 1684)
October 12 – Dionisia de Santa María Mitas Talangpaz, Filipino saint (b. 1691)
October 25 – Andrea Brustolon, Italian artist (b. 1662)
October 31 – Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (b. 1666)
November 10 – Adam Christian Thebesius, German anatomist (b. 1686)
November 20 – Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, French naval officer, governor of Newfoundland (b. 1661)
November 21 – Jan Jansen Bleecker, Mayor of Albany, New York (b. 1641)
November 26 – Charles Sergison, English politician (b. 1655)
December 4 – John Gay, English poet and dramatist (b. 1685)^[129]
December 14 – Johann Philipp Förtsch, German opera composer (b. 1652)
date unknown
- Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter, calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign diplomat to Japan (b. 1669)
- Agrippina Petrovna Volkonskaia, politically active Russian lady-in-waiting

1733

January 17 – George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington, English Royal Navy admiral (b. 1663)
January 21 – Bernard Mandeville, Dutch-born English economic philosopher (b. 1670)
January 22 – Lovisa von Burghausen, Swedish memoirist (b. 1698)
January 25 – Gilbert Heathcote, Mayor of London (b. 1652)
January 27 – Thomas Woolston, English theologian (b. 1668)

February 1 – King Augustus II the Strong of Poland (b. 1670)
February 2 – Robert Price (judge), British judge and politician (b. 1653)
February 16 – Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar, Swedish officer (b. 1683)
March 4 – Claude de Forbin, French naval commander (b. 1656)
April 14 – Ippolito Desideri, Italian tibetologist (b. 1684)
April 19 – Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Orkney, mistress of William III of England (b. 1657)
April 30 – Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, 1st Marquis of Abrantes, Portuguese diplomat (b. 1676)
May 1 – Nicolas Coustou, French artist (b. 1658)
May 3 – Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet, England (b. 1650)
May 10 – Barton Booth, English actor (b. 1681)
May 18 – Georg Böhm, German organist (b. 1661)
June 23 – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss scholar (b. 1672)
July 12 – Anne-Thérèse de Marguenat de Courcelles, French salon holder (b. 1647)
August 16 – Matthew Tindal, English deist (b. 1657)
August 24 – Pierre-Étienne Monnot, French artist (b. 1657)
September 12 – François Couperin, French composer (b. 1668)
October 19 – Sir Thomas Molyneux, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (b. 1661)
October 25 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
October 31 – Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg, (b. 1676)
November 11 – Willem Adriaan van der Stel, Dutch colonial administrator (b. 1664)
December 2 – Gerard Hoet, Dutch painter (b. 1648)

1734

January 6 – John Dennis, English dramatist, critic (b. 1658)
February 1 – John Floyer, English physician, writer (b. 1649)
February 2 – Charles Calvert, Maryland official (b. 1688)
February 9 – Diego de Astorga y Céspedes, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1663)
March 1 – Roger North, English biographer (b. 1653)
March 16 – Andreas Silbermann, German organ builder (b. 1678)
March 21 – Robert Wodrow, Scottish historian (b. 1679)
April 1 – Louis Lully, French composer (b. 1664)
April 11 – Thomas Fantet de Lagny, French mathematician (b. 1660)
April 25 – Johann Konrad Dippel, German alchemist (b. 1673)
May 4 – James Thornhill, English painter (b. 1675 or 1676)
May 15 – Sebastiano Ricci, Italian painter (b. 1659)
May 21 – Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans, French princess (b. 1714)
May 24 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German physician and chemist (b. 1660)

June 12 – James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, illegitimate son of James II of England and French military commander (b. 1670)
June 15 – Giovanni Ceva, Italian mathematician (b. 1647)
June 17 – Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Marshal of France (b. 1653)
June 21 – Marie-Joseph Angélique, African slave
July 22 – Peter King, 1st Baron King, Lord Chancellor of England (b. c. 1669)
September 8 – Michel Sarrazin, Canadian scientist (b. 1659)
October 12 – Simon Henry Adolph, Count of Lippe-Detmold, ruler of the county of Lippe (b. 1694)
November 14 – Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth, French-born mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1649)
November 21 – Alexis Simon Belle, French portrait painter (b. 1674)
November 23 – Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons, Prince of Savoy (b. 1714)
December 5 – Peter Tillemans, Flemish painter (b. c. 1684)
December 8 – James Figg, English prizefighter^[130]
December 28 – Rob Roy MacGregor, Scottish clan chief (b. 1671)
date unknown
- Richard Cantillon, Irish-French economist and author
- Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, French explorer (b. 1679)

1735

January 5 – Carlo Ruzzini, Doge of Venice (b. 1653)
January 12 – John Eccles, British composer (b. 1668)
January 13 – Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, Queen consort of Sardinia (b. 1706)
January 18 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (b. 1702)
February 27 – John Arbuthnot, British physician and author (b. 1667)
March 25 – Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt, German scientist (b. 1685)
April 5 – William Derham, English minister and writer (b. 1657)
April 8 – Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian rebel against the Habsburgs (b. 1676)
April 23 – Edward Hawarden, English Catholic theologian (b. 1662)
April 25 – Samuel Wesley, English poet, religious leader (b. 1662)
June 10 – Thomas Hearne, British antiquarian (b. 1678)
June 22 – Pirro Albergati, Italian composer (b. 1663)
July 18 – Johann Krieger, German composer and organist (b. 1651)
July 26 – Jesper Swedberg, Swedish bishop (b. 1653)
July 29 – Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prussian queen consort (b. 1685)
August 30 – Edward Harley, English politician (b. 1664)
September 18 – Justus van Effen, Dutch author (b. 1684)
September 27 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist (drowned) (b. 1705)

October 8 – Yongzheng Emperor of Qing China (b. 1678)
October 26 – Margareta von Ascheberg, Swedish land owner, countess and acting regiment colonel (b. 1671)
November 14 – Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (b. 1663)
November 29 – Bernardo de Hoyos, Beatified Spanish priest (b. 1711)
December 14 – Thomas Tanner, English bishop, antiquarian (b. 1674)

1736

January 8 – Jean Leclerc (theologian), Swiss theologian and biblical scholar (b. 1657)
January 17 – Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann, German architect (b. 1662)
January 31 – Filippo Juvarra, Italian architect (b. 1678)
February 1 – James Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby, English politician (b. 1664)
February 7 – Stephen Gray, English dyer, astronomer, and scientist (b. 1666)
March 16 – Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer (b. 1710)^[131]
March 25 – Nicholas Hawksmoor, British architect (b. c. 1661)

April 21 – Prince Eugene of Savoy, French-born Austrian general (b. 1663)
April 30 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (b. 1668)
May 9 – Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real, Portuguese politician (b. 1658)
June 6 – Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye, explorer of New France, eldest son of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye (b. 1713)
July 1 – Ahmed III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1673)
July 7 – William Hardres, British politician (b. 1686)
August 14 – Victor Honoré Janssens, Flemish painter (b. 1658)

September 6 – John Porteous, Scottish captain (b. c. 1695)
September 16 – Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, German physicist and inventor (b. 1686)
September 26 – Louise Diane d'Orléans, youngest child of Philippe II, Duke of Orleans (b. 1716)
October 22 – George Clarke, English politician, architect (b. 1661)
November 2 – Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, French duke (b. 1664)
December 10 – António Manoel de Vilhena, Portuguese 66th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1663)
December 12 (burial) – Antonina Houbraken, Dutch draughtswoman (b. 1686)
December 22 – Sir William Robinson, 1st Baronet, British politician (b. 1655)
December 26 – Antonio Caldara, Italian composer (b. 1670)
date unknown
- Anna Colbjørnsdatter, Norwegian heroine (b. 1667)
- Chen Shu, Chinese painter (b. 1660)

1737

January 24 – William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1657)
January 29 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier (b. 1666)
February 14 – Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot of Hensol, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1685)
March 12 – Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, regent of the Kingdom of Serbia (1720–1733) (b. 1684)
March 16 – Benjamin Wadsworth, American President of Harvard University (b. 1670)
March 26 – Vakhtang VI of Kartli, king of the Kingdom of Kartli under the Bagrationi dynasty (b. 1675)
May 3 – James Johnston (Secretary of State), diplomat, Secretary of State for Scotland (b. 1655)
May 4
- Eustace Budgell, English writer (b. 1686)
- Ferdinand Kettler, Duke of Courland and Semigallia (b. 1655)
May 10 – Emperor Nakamikado of Japan (b. 1702)
May 17 – Claude Buffier, French philosopher and historian (b. 1661)
June 6 – Pierre Joseph Garidel, French botanist (b. 1658)
July 26 – Henri-Pons de Thiard de Bissy, French Catholic priest, bishop and cardinal (b. 1657)
July 9 – Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
July 26 – Johan Cronman, Swedish general (b. 1662)
July 27 – Maria Maddalena Martinengo, Italian nun (b. 1687)
September 27 – John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester, English privy councillor (b. 1680)
October 12 – François Catrou, French historian and Jesuit priest (b. 1659)
October 26 – Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena (b. 1655)
November 11 – Claude de Visdelou, French missionary (b. 1656)
November 20 – Caroline of Ansbach, queen of George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
December 11 – John Strype, English historian and biographer (b. 1643)

December 18 – Antonio Stradivari, Italian luthier (b. 1644)
December 19 – James Sobieski, Crown Prince of Poland (b. 1667)
December 21 – Alessandro Galilei, Italian architect, mathematician (b. 1691)
December 27
- William Bowyer, English printer (b. 1663)
- Victor-Marie d'Estrées, Marshal of France (b. 1660)
Date unknown – Sally Mapp, English lay bonesetter

1738

January 6 – Franz Xaver Murschhauser, German composer and theorist (b. 1663)
January 24 – Samuel Andrew, American Congregational clergyman, educator (b. 1656)
January 27 – Marie Wulf, Danish pietist leader (b. 1685)
January 30 – Benoît de Maillet, French diplomat and natural historian (b. 1656)
February 9 – Béatrice Hiéronyme de Lorraine, Abbess of Remiremont (b. 1662)
February 15 – Matthias Braun, Czech sculptor (b. 1684)
February 27 – Henry Grove, English nonconformist minister (b. 1684)
March 16 – George Bähr, German architect (b. 1666)
March 25 – Turlough O'Carolan, Irish harper and composer (b. 1670)
April 9 – Sir Charles Blois, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1657)
May 1 – Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle, English statesman (b. c. 1669)
May 15 – Sir John Chesshyre, English lawyer (b. 1662)
June 5 – Isaac de Beausobre, French Protestant pastor (b. 1659)
June 21 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, English politician (b. 1674)
July 8 – Jean-Pierre Nicéron, French encyclopedist (b. 1685)
July 28 – Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (b. 1661)

September 23 – Herman Boerhaave, Dutch humanist, physician (b. 1668)
December 22 – Constantia Jones, English prostitute (executed) (b. c. 1708)

1739

January 20 – Francesco Galli Bibiena, Italian architect/designer (b. 1659)
March 5 – John Joseph of the Cross, Italian saint (b. 1654)
March 7 – Anton Maria Maragliano, Italian artist (b. 1664)

April 7 – Dick Turpin, English highwayman (hanged) (b. 1705)
April 19 – Nicholas Saunderson, English scientist and mathematician (b. 1682)
May 10 – Cosmas Damian Asam, German painter and architect during the late Baroque period (b. 1686)
June 18 – Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish nobleman (b. 1700)
June 20 – Edmond Martène, French Benedictine historian and liturgist (b. 1654)
July 24 – Benedetto Marcello, Italian composer (b. 1686)
September 8 – Yuri Troubetzkoy, Governor of Belgorod (b. 1668)
September 12 – Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1667)
September 19 – Anne Marie Louise de La Tour d'Auvergne, French princess (b. 1722)
October 6 – Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, French noble (b. 1684)
October 18 – Antônio José da Silva, Brazilian-born dramatist (b. 1705)
November 14 – Juan de Galavís, Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. 1683)
November 16 – Harry Grey, 3rd Earl of Stamford, English peer (b. 1685)
date unknown – Anne Dodd, English news seller, pamphlet shop proprietor (b. 1685)

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The 1730s decade ran from January 1, 1730, to December 31, 1739.

1730

January–March

January 30 (January 19 O.S.) – At dawn, Emperor Peter II of Russia dies of smallpox, aged 14 in Moscow, on the eve of his projected marriage.
February 26 (February 15 O.S.) – Anna of Russia (Anna Ioannovna) becomes reigning Empress of Russia following the death of her cousin Emperor Peter II.
February 28 – Vitus Bering returns to the Russian capital of Saint Petersburg after completing the First Kamchatka expedition.
March 5 – The 1730 papal conclave to elect a new Pope for the Roman Catholic church begins with 30 Cardinals, 12 days after the death of Pope Benedict XIII. By the time his successor is elected on July 12, there are 56 Cardinals.
March 9 – General Nader Khan of Persia opens the first campaign of the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735), guiding the Persian Army from Shiraz and starting the Western Persia Campaign against the Ottoman Empire.
March 12 – John Glas is deposed from the Church of Scotland; the Glasite sect forms around him.^[1]
March 16 – The establishment by Thomas Cresap of Wright's Ferry under the authority of the Province of Pennsylvania^[2] becomes the basis for Cresap's War, a nine-year-long conflict also known as the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary dispute; the conflict mainly centers in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and York County, Pennsylvania on either bank of the Susquehanna River.

April–June

April 8 – Congregation Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.
May 9 (April 28 O.S.) – The coronation of Anna of Russia as Empress of Russia takes place in Saint Petersburg.
May 15 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, retires from his role in the government of Great Britain, leaving Robert Walpole as sole and undisputed leader of the Cabinet (i.e., prime minister). In the new Walpole ministry, Sir William Strickland, 4th Baronet, becomes Secretary at War, and Henry Pelham is Paymaster of the Forces; Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington briefly becomes Lord Privy Seal.
June 1 – Enslaved woman Sally Basset is put on trial for murder in Bermuda; she will eventually be convicted and burned at the stake.
June 19 – At the urging of Sir William Gooch, the Virginia House of Burgesses passes the Virginia Tobacco Inspection Act to regulate the quality of tobacco in Virginia, 46 to 5.^[3]^[4]
June 27 – French explorer Alphonse de Pontevez, commanding the frigate Le Lys, claims an Indian Ocean atoll for France and names it after himself as the Alphonse Atoll. The next day, he claims and names the St. François Atoll.

July–September

July 8 – 1730 Valparaíso earthquake: An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.1 strikes Valparaíso, in modern-day Chile but at this time in the Viceroyalty of Peru.
July 12 – The papal conclave selects Cardinal Lorenzo Corsini over Cardinal Pietro Marcellino Corradini as the successor to Pope Benedict XIII. Corsini becomes Pope Clement XII as the 246th pope.
August 4 – Maria Madlener becomes the last person to be executed after the Galgeninsel witch trials in Bavaria, and is beheaded by sword.
August 5 – Prince Frederick of Prussia, the eldest son of King Frederick William and a high-ranking officer, attempts to flee to England after deserting the Prussian Army and is captured along with his fellow officer Hans Hermann von Katte. Katte is executed, and Crown Prince Frederick is imprisoned at Küstrin (modern-day Kostrzyn nad Odrą in Poland) for a year before being forgiven by his father. Prince Frederick later succeeds his father as King and will be remembered as Frederick the Great.^[5]
August 12 – General Nader Khan of Persia captures Tabriz from the Ottoman Empire, bringing an end to the Western Persia Campaign, the first major action in the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735). Tabriz becomes a permanent part of Iran. Nader leaves the city four days later to begin the Herat Campaign of 1731.
August 25 – French Protestant Marie Durand is imprisoned in the Tower of Constance at Aigues-Mortes for her defiance of the Roman Catholic government, and is kept captive for the next 38 years. During her incarceration, she continues to resist converting to Catholicism as a condition of release. She is finally set free on April 14, 1768 and lives 8 more years.
September 1 – A volcano erupts on Lanzarote, the easternmost of the Canary Islands and threatens the Spanish inhabitants. On Gran Canaria, the regent of the islands reports to Madrid that the flames are visible even from 130 miles (210 km) away.^[6]
September 17 – Mahmud I (d. 1754) succeeds Ahmed III (ruled since 1703) as Ottoman Emperor.

October–December

October 22 – Construction of the Ladoga Canal, linking the Neva and Svir Rivers, one of the first major navigable canals constructed in Russia, is completed.
November 6 – After being convicted of treason for attempting to desert the Prussian Army with Crown Prince Frederick, Hans Hermann von Katte is beheaded at the Küstrin Prison. Frederick's father, King Frederick William, forces the prince to watch the execution.^[5]
December 9 – The first documented notice in North America about freemasonry is published in The Pennsylvania Gazette in an article by its publisher, Benjamin Franklin.^[7]
December 27 – The Dutch East India Company ends an almost 11-year effort of trying to maintain a colony around Delagoa Bay in southern Africa in modern-day Mozambique. The entire population of the settlement, Fort Lydzammheid (near modern-day Maputo) is evacuated by the ships Snuffelaar, Zeepost and Feyenoord and the group returns to Cape Town.^[8]

Date unknown

The Missouria tribe is almost destroyed when hundreds are killed in an attack by the Meskwawi and Sauk.

Births

1730

January 3 – Velu Nachiyar, queen regnant of Sivaganga (d. 1796)^[107]
March 7 – Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, last prime minister of the French monarchy (d. 1807)^[108]
April 1 – Salomon Gessner, Swiss painter and newspaper publisher (d. 1788)
April 16 – Henry Clinton, British general (d. 1795)
April 26 – John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1805)
May 13 – Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1782)^[109]
May 28 – Maria Angela Ardinghelli, Italian scientific translator (d. 1825)
June 21 – Motoori Norinaga, Japanese philologist, scholar of the kokugaku school (d. 1801)
July 10 – Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, French Freemason (d. 1824)
July 12
- Anna Barbara Reinhart, Swiss mathematician (d. 1796)
- Josiah Wedgwood, English pottery manufacturer and abolitionist (d. 1795)
July 26 – Charles Messier, French astronomer (d. 1817)
August 1 – Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol, English Anglican prelate (d. 1803)
August 27 – Johann Georg Hamann, German philosopher (d. 1788)
September 7 – Elisabetta de Gambarini, English composer (d. 1765)
September 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian army officer (d. 1794)
November 23 – William Moultrie, American general (d. 1805)
December 14 – James Bruce, Scottish explorer (d. 1794)
December 25 – Filippo Mazzei, Italian physician, friend of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1816)
December 30 – William Hamilton, British diplomat, antiquary (d. 1803)
Henry Clinton
date unknown
- Jacob Alyashar, Talmudist and emissary (d. c. 1790)^[110]
- John Cook, American farmer, President of Delaware (d. 1789)
- Anne Rossignol, African slave trader (d. 1810)
- John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, Scottish peer and colonial governor in the Americas (d. 1809)
- White Eyes, Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. 1778)

1731

January 3 – Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (d. 1792)
February – Charles Churchill, English poet (d. 1764)
March 19 – Gabriela Silang, Filipino rebel leader and heroine (d. 1763)
April 8 – William Williams, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1811)
May 8 – Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London and abolitionist (d. 1809)
June 2 – Dorothea Biehl, Danish writer (d. 1788)
July 16 – Samuel Huntington, Patriot in the American Revolution and politician (d. 1796)
August – Henry Constantine Jennings, English gambler and collector (d. 1819)

October 10 – Henry Cavendish, English scientist (d. 1810)
November 9 – Benjamin Banneker, African-American astronomer, surveyor of the District of Columbia (d. 1806)
November 15 – William Cowper, English poet (d. 1800)
December 8 – František Xaver Dušek, Czech composer (d. 1799)
December 12 – Erasmus Darwin, English scientist and grandfather of Charles Darwin (d. 1802)
December 28 – José de Viera y Clavijo, Spanish writer
Nikephoros Theotokis, Greek scholar and theologian (d. 1800)

1732

January – Abbas III, Shah of Persia (d. 1740)
January 17 – Stanisław August Poniatowski, last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (d. 1798)
January 20 – Richard Henry Lee, 12th President of the Continental Congress (d. 1794)
January 24 – Pierre de Beaumarchais, French writer (d. 1799)^[111]
February – Charles Churchill, English poet (d. 1764)
February 6 – Charles Lee, general of the Continental Army (d. 1782)

George Washington

Jean-Bernard Restout

February 22
- George Washington, first President of the United States (d. 1799)
- Jean-Bernard Restout, French painter (d. 1797)
March 1 – William Cushing, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1810)
March 31 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1809)
April 5 – Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French painter (d. 1806)
April 8 – David Rittenhouse, American astronomer, inventor, mathematician, surveyor, scientific instrument craftsman and public official (d. 1796)
April 13 – Frederick North, Lord North, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1792)^[112]
April 17 – John Blair Jr., American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1800)
June 21 – Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German composer (d. 1795)
September 2 – William Crawford, American soldier and surveyor (d. 1782)
September 26 – José de Córdoba y Ramos, Spanish explorer, naval commander (d. 1815)
September 30 – Jacques Necker, French politician (d. 1804)
October 6 – Nevil Maskelyne, English Astronomer Royal (d. 1811)
October 10 – John Hancock, American silversmith (d. 1784)
October 24 – Cristina Roccati, Italian scholar in physics (d. 1797)
November 4 – Thomas Johnson, American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1819)
November 9 – Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse, French salon holder (d. 1776)
November 13 – John Dickinson, Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania (d. 1808)
December 6 – Warren Hastings, British administrator (d. 1818)
December 15 – Carl Gotthard Langhans, German architect (d. 1808)
December 21 – Johann Christian Wiegleb, German chemist (d. 1800)
December 23 – Richard Arkwright, English inventor (d. 1792)
date unknown – Francis Marion, American officer (d. 1795)

1733

January 22 – Philip Carteret, Jersey-born British naval officer and circumnavigator (d. 1796)
January 24 – Benjamin Lincoln, major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and politician (d. 1810)

March 13 – Joseph Priestley, English scientist and minister (d. 1804)
May 4 – Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (d. 1799)
July 27 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (d. 1779)
September 5 – Christoph Martin Wieland, German poet and writer (d. 1813)
September 18 – George Read, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1798)
October 14 – François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (d. 1798)
October 15 – Lisa Eriksdotter, Finnish visionary
November 16 – Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent ruler of Bengal of undivided India (d. 1757)
November 20 – Philip Schuyler, general in the American Revolution, United States Senator from New York, father of Angelica Schuyler Church and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton (d. 1804)
undated – Johanna Löfblad, Swedish actor and singer (d. 1811)

1734

January 16 – John A. Treutlen, Governor of Georgia (d. 1782)
January 20 – Robert Morris, Founding Father of the United States (d. 1806)
February 15 – William Stacy, American Revolutionary War officer (d. 1802)
February 27 – Thomas Conway, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1800)
March 1 – Jeanne de Bellem, heroine of the Brabant Revolution
March 19 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)
April 17 – Taksin, King of Thailand (d. 1782)
April – Elsa Beata Bunge, Swedish botanist (d. 1819)
May 23 – Franz Mesmer, Austrian physician (d. 1815)
July 25 – Ueda Akinari, Japanese author and scholar (d. 1809)
August 10 – Naungdawgyi, Burmese king (d. 1763)
August 24 – Benjamin Church, first Surgeon General of the United States Army (d. 1763)
September 3 – Joseph Wright, British painter (d. 1797)
September 17 – Elizabeth Canning, English maidservant and kidnappee (d. 1773)
October 7 – Sir Ralph Abercromby, British general (d. 1801)

November 2 – Daniel Boone, American frontiersman (d. 1820)
December 1 – Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, Polish aristocrat and patron of the arts (d. 1823)
December 17 – Queen Maria I of Portugal (d. 1816)
December 21 – Paul Revere, American silversmith, engraver, and Patriot in the American Revolution (d. 1818)
December 26 – George Romney, English painter (d. 1802)
December 31 – Francisco Manoel de Nascimento, Portuguese poet (d. 1819)
date unknown
- Catharina Ahlgren, Swedish poet, editor and early feminist (d.1800)
- Ulrica Arfvidsson, Swedish fortune teller (d. 1801)
- Elżbieta Branicka, Polish szlachta and politician (d. 1800)
- John Dawson, English mathematician and surgeon (d.1820)
- Pedro Fages, Spanish soldier, explorer, and Governor of Alta California (d. 1794)
- Rohal Faqir, Pakistani saint-poet and mystic (d.1804)

1735

January 1 – Paul Revere, American silversmith and patriot (d. 1818)
January 8 – John Carroll first Roman Catholic Archbishop in the U.S. (d. 1815)
January 9 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1823)
January 27 – Étienne Clavière, French financier and politician (d. 1793)
February 13 – Crown Prince Sado of Joseon (d. 1762)
February 28 – Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde French musician and chemist (d. 1796)
March 1 – Caroline Thielo, Danish actress (d. 1754)
March 29 – Johann Karl August Musäus German author (d. 1787)
April 13 – Isaac Low, New York delegate to the Continental Congress (d. 1791)
May 1 – Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro Spanish Jesuit philologist (d. 1809)
May 23 – Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, (d. 1814)
June 16 – Nicolas Bernard Lépicié, French painter (d. 1784)
June 26 – Joseph Ducreux, French noble, portrait painter, pastelist, miniaturist and engraver (d. 1802)
July 4 – Jacoba van den Brande, Dutch culture personality (d. 1794)
July 10 – Ulrika Pasch, Swedish painter (d. 1796)
September 5 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (d. 1782)
September 6 – John Joseph Merlin, born Jean-Joseph Merlin, Liège-born clock- and musical-instrument-maker and inventor (d. 1803)
September 20 – James Keir, Scottish geologist, chemist and industrialist (d. 1820)
September 28 – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1811)
October 9 – Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick (d. 1806)
October 21 – Richard Gough, English antiquary (d. 1809)

October 30 – John Adams, second President of the United States (d. 1826)
November 10 – Granville Sharp, English abolitionist (d. 1813)
December 29 – Thomas Banks, English sculptor and artist (d. 1805)
December 31 – Jean de Crévecoeur, French-American writer (d. 1813)
date unknown
- John Julius Angerstein, Russian-born English merchant, insurer and art collector (d. 1823)
- William Bell, English portrait painter from Newcastle upon Tyne (d. c. 1806)
- Bety of Betsimisaraka, queen regnant (d. 1805)
- Mary Evans, Welsh religious leader (d. 1789)
- Edward Telfair, Scottish-born American politician and Governor of Georgia (d. 1807)
- Regina-Louise von Freedricksz, Russian industrialist (d. 1821)

1736

January 7 – Andrew Adams, American judge (d. 1797)

January 19 – James Watt, Scottish inventor (d. 1819)^[113]
January 25 – Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Italian-born mathematician (d. 1813)
February 3 – Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Austrian musician (d. 1809)
February 29 – Ann Lee, English-born American religious leader (d. 1784)
March 20 – Rama I, First King of Siam (d. 1809)
May 8 – Caterina Dolfin, Italian (Venetian) poet (d. 1793)
May 10 – George Steevens, English literary critic (d. 1800)
May 29 – Patrick Henry, American patriot (d. 1799)
June 3 – Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet, Prime Minister of Naples (d. 1811)
June 7 – Fermín Lasuén, Spanish missionary (d. 1803)

June 14 – Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (d. 1806)
June 21 – Enoch Poor, American general (d. 1780)
June 25 – John Horne Tooke, English politician, philologist (d. 1812)
July – Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor of the Spanish Province of New Mexico (d. 1788)

August 9 – Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé (d. 1818)
August 15 – Alexander Runciman, Scottish painter (d. 1785)
August 26 – Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle, French geologist (d. 1790)
September 15 – Jean Sylvain Bailly, French astronomer (d. 1793)
September 16 – Carter Braxton, signer of the American Declaration of Independence (d. 1797)
October 27 – James Macpherson, Scottish poet (d. 1796)
date unknown
- Robert Jephson, Irish dramatist (d. 1803)
- Li Ching-Yuen, Chinese herbalist, martial artist and tactical advisor (d.1933) (claimed)
- Pierre le Pelley I, Seigneur of Sark (d. 1778)
- Claudius Smith, American revolutionary (d. 1779)
- Sir James Tylney-Long, 7th Baronet, English politician (d. 1794)

1737

January 4 – Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, French chemist, politician (d. 1816)
January 23 – John Hancock, American politician and revolutionary (d. 1793)

January 29 – Thomas Paine, British-born American patriot and pamphleteer (d. 1809)
March 14 – Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus, Aromanian physician and noble (d. 1828)^[114]
March 23 – Arthur St. Clair, American soldier and politician (d. 1818)
April 27 – Edward Gibbon, English historian and politician (d. 1794)
May 2 – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1805)^[115]
June 20 – Tokugawa Ieharu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1786)
August 5 – Johann Friedrich Struensee, Danish royal physician (d. 1772)
August 14 – Charles Hutton, English mathematician (d. 1823)
August 29 – John Hunter, second governor of New South Wales (d. 1821)
September 9 – Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798)
September 14 – Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1806)
September 15 – Miklós Küzmics, Hungarian Slovenes writer, Catholic priest (d. 1804)
September 19 – Charles Carroll of Carrollton, only Roman Catholic signer of the American Declaration of Independence (d. 1832)
December 26 – Prince Josias of Coburg, Austrian general (d. 1815)
date unknown –
- Frances Abington, English actress (d. 1815)
- Gelelemend, Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. 1811)

1738

January 21 – Ethan Allen, American patriot (d. 1789)
February 6 – Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist and surgeon (d. 1795)
April 12 – Padre Francisco Garcés, Spanish missionary (d. 1781)
April 14 – William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1809)^[116]
May 27 – Nathaniel Gorham, American politician (d. 1796)
May 28 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French physician (d. 1814)
June 4 – King George III of the United Kingdom (d. 1820)
July 3 – John Singleton Copley, American painter (d. 1815)
July 20 – Darejan Dadiani, Georgian queen consort (d. 1807)
July 22 – Anne d'Yves, writer, participant in the Brabant Revolution (d. 1814)
August 28 – Etteilla, French occult cartomancer (d. 1791)
September 25 – Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and President of Delaware (d. 1789)
October 11 – Arthur Phillip, British admiral and Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814)
October 18 – Andrei Bolotov, Russian agriculturalist and memoirist (d. 1833)
October 29 – Charles Spalding, Scottish inventor and underwater diver (d. 1783)

November 15 – William Herschel, German-born astronomer (d. 1822)
December 31 – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (d. 1805)

1739

January 25 – Charles François Dumouriez, French general (d. 1823)
February 15 – Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect (d. 1813)
March 16 – George Clymer, American politician and Founding Father (d. 1813)
March 19 – Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, Third Consul of France (d. 1824)
August 31 – Johann Augustus Eberhard, German theologian, philosopher (d. 1809)
September 12 – Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, Methodist preacher and philanthropist (d. 1816)
October 11 – Grigory Potemkin, Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman and favourite of Catherine the Great (d. 1791)
November 2 – Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, Austrian composer (d. 1799)
November 8 – Henrik Gabriel Porthan, Finnish professor and historian (d. 1804)^[117]
November 20 – Jean-François de La Harpe, French critic (d. 1803)
December 14 – Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, French politician (d. 1817)
date unknown
- Antonio Cachia, Maltese architect, engineer and archaeologist (d. 1813)
- Bénédict Chastanier, French surgeon (d. 1816)
- Margherita Dalmet, Venetian dogaressa (d. 1817)
- Paul François Ignace de Barlatier de Mas, French naval captain (d. 1807)
- Samuel Mason, Revolutionary War soldier, early American outlaw (d. 1803)
- Karoline Kaulla, German banker (d. 1809)
- Yelizaveta Belogradskaya, Russian singer and musician

Deaths

1730

January 1
- Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, English politician (b. 1647)
- Samuel Sewall, English-born judge (b. 1652)^[118]
January 7 – Árni Magnússon, Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector (b. 1663)^[119]
January 18 – Antonio Vallisneri, Italian scientist (b. 1661)
January 30 – Emperor Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
February 9 – Johann Georg von Eckhart, German historian (b. 1664)
February 12 – Luca Carlevarijs, Italian painter (b. 1663)^[120]
February 21 – Pope Benedict XIII, Italian pontiff (b. 1649)^[121]
March 20 – Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (b. 1692)^[122]
March 22 – Benedetto Pamphili, Italian cardinal, patron of the arts, composer and librettist (b. 1653)^[123]
March 23 – Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (b. 1654)
May 13 – Sir Justinian Isham, 4th Baronet, English landowner and Member of Parliament (b. 1658)
May 30 – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (b. 1648)
June 6 – Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, Marshal of France in the reign of Louis XIV and Louis XV (b. 1646)
June 18 – Yinxiang, Qing dynasty prince (b. 1686)
June 19 – Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor, English judge and politician (b. 1658)
June 21 – Sarah Basset, Bermudian slave, origin of legend
June 28 – Joachim Bouvet, French Jesuit active in China (b. 1656)
July 7 – Olivier Levasseur, French pirate
July 9 – Issachar Berend Lehmann, German-Jewish banker, Court Jew in Hanover (b. 1661)
July 18 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy, French soldier (b. 1644)
August 10 – Sébastien de Brossard, French composer and music theorist (b. 1655)
August 12 – Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate, German princess (b. 1652)
August 19 – James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater, Scottish politician (b. 1664)
September 9 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, English courtier (b. 1662)
September 10 – Guichard Joseph Duverney, French anatomist (b. 1648)
September 14 – Sophia Elisabet Brenner, Swedish writer (b. 1659)^[124]
September 27 – Laurence Eusden, English poet (b. 1688)

October 12 – Frederick IV, King of Denmark and Norway (b. 1671)
October 16 – Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, French explorer (b. 1658)
October 23 – Anne Oldfield, English actress (b. 1683)^[125]
November 1 – Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, Italian soldier and naturalist (b. 1658)
November 21 – François de Troy, French portrait artist (b. 1645)
December 31 – Carlo Gimach, Maltese architect, engineer and poet (b. 1651)^[126]

1731

January 6 – Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (b. 1672)
January 20 – Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1679)
January 23 – Anna Lohe, Swedish banker (b. 1654)

January 27 – Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italian maker of musical instruments (b. 1655)
February – Thomas Hancorne, Welsh clergyman and theologian (b. 1642)
February 10 – George Carpenter, 1st Baron Carpenter, British Army general (b. 1657)
February 15 – Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado, Spanish Dominican lay sister and mystic (b. 1643)
February 22 – Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1638)
March 5 – Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi, Sufi academic (b. 1641)
March 6 – Johann Melchior Dinglinger, German goldsmith (b. 1664)
March 8 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (b. 1688)
March 9 – Frances Talbot, Countess of Tyrconnell, English-born courtier and vicereine of Ireland (b. c. 1649)
March 12 – Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (b. 1660)
March 23 – Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1662)
April 24 – Daniel Defoe, English writer (b. c. 1660)
April 28
- Johann Theodor Jablonski, German lexicographer (b. 1654)
- James Olmsted, Connecticut politician (b. 1645)
May 1 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer (b. 1677)
May 11 – Mary Astell, English feminist writer (b. 1666)
May 17 – Samuel Bradford, English churchman, Whig politician (b. 1652)
June 20 – Ned Ward, English writer, publican (b. 1667)
July 18 – Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1653)
August 27 – Eudoxia Lopukhina, Russian Tsarina, divorced spouse of Peter the Great of Russia (b. 1669)
December 17 – George Lockhart, Scottish writer, spy and politician, killed in duel (b. 1673)
December 20 – Chhatrasal, Maharaja of Madhya Pradesh (b. 1649)
December 26 – Antoine Houdar de la Motte, French writer (b. 1672)
December 29 – Brook Taylor, English mathematician (b. 1685)

1732

January 12 – John Horsley, British archaeologist (b. c.1685)
January 14 – Richard Hancorne, Welsh clergyman (b. 1687)
January 22 – Louis de Sabran, British theologian (b. 1652)
February 6 – Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch, wealthy Scottish peeress (b. 1651)
February 7 – William Hiseland, English (later British) soldier, reputed supercentenarian (b. 1620)
February 13 – Charles-René d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1640)^[127]
February 17 – Louis Marchand, French organist and harpsichordist (b. 1669)
February 18 – Balthasar Permoser, German sculptor (b. 1651)
February 22
- Francis Atterbury, English bishop and man of letters (b. 1663)
- Marie Thérèse de Bourbon, Princess of Conti and titular queen of Poland (b. 1666)
February 27 – Giacomo Serpotta, Italian artist (b. 1652)
February 28 – André Charles Boulle, French cabinet-maker (b. 1642)
March 20 – Johann Ernst Hanxleden, German philologist (b. 1681)^[128]
April 6 – Count Palatine Francis Louis of Neuburg, Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order (b. 1664)
April 28 – Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield (b. 1666)
May 20 – Thomas Boston, Scottish church leader (b. 1676)
May 30 – John King, English churchman (b. 1652)
July 11 – Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (b. 1659)
July 15 – Woodes Rogers, English privateer and first Royal Governor of the Bahamas (b. c. 1679)
September 24 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (b. 1654)
October 6 – George Duckett (Calne MP), English politician (b. 1684)
October 12 – Dionisia de Santa María Mitas Talangpaz, Filipino saint (b. 1691)
October 25 – Andrea Brustolon, Italian artist (b. 1662)
October 31 – Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (b. 1666)
November 10 – Adam Christian Thebesius, German anatomist (b. 1686)
November 20 – Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, French naval officer, governor of Newfoundland (b. 1661)
November 21 – Jan Jansen Bleecker, Mayor of Albany, New York (b. 1641)
November 26 – Charles Sergison, English politician (b. 1655)
December 4 – John Gay, English poet and dramatist (b. 1685)^[129]
December 14 – Johann Philipp Förtsch, German opera composer (b. 1652)
date unknown
- Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter, calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign diplomat to Japan (b. 1669)
- Agrippina Petrovna Volkonskaia, politically active Russian lady-in-waiting

1733

January 17 – George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington, English Royal Navy admiral (b. 1663)
January 21 – Bernard Mandeville, Dutch-born English economic philosopher (b. 1670)
January 22 – Lovisa von Burghausen, Swedish memoirist (b. 1698)
January 25 – Gilbert Heathcote, Mayor of London (b. 1652)
January 27 – Thomas Woolston, English theologian (b. 1668)

February 1 – King Augustus II the Strong of Poland (b. 1670)
February 2 – Robert Price (judge), British judge and politician (b. 1653)
February 16 – Ulrika Eleonora Stålhammar, Swedish officer (b. 1683)
March 4 – Claude de Forbin, French naval commander (b. 1656)
April 14 – Ippolito Desideri, Italian tibetologist (b. 1684)
April 19 – Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Orkney, mistress of William III of England (b. 1657)
April 30 – Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, 1st Marquis of Abrantes, Portuguese diplomat (b. 1676)
May 1 – Nicolas Coustou, French artist (b. 1658)
May 3 – Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet, England (b. 1650)
May 10 – Barton Booth, English actor (b. 1681)
May 18 – Georg Böhm, German organist (b. 1661)
June 23 – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss scholar (b. 1672)
July 12 – Anne-Thérèse de Marguenat de Courcelles, French salon holder (b. 1647)
August 16 – Matthew Tindal, English deist (b. 1657)
August 24 – Pierre-Étienne Monnot, French artist (b. 1657)
September 12 – François Couperin, French composer (b. 1668)
October 19 – Sir Thomas Molyneux, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (b. 1661)
October 25 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
October 31 – Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg, (b. 1676)
November 11 – Willem Adriaan van der Stel, Dutch colonial administrator (b. 1664)
December 2 – Gerard Hoet, Dutch painter (b. 1648)

1734

January 6 – John Dennis, English dramatist, critic (b. 1658)
February 1 – John Floyer, English physician, writer (b. 1649)
February 2 – Charles Calvert, Maryland official (b. 1688)
February 9 – Diego de Astorga y Céspedes, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1663)
March 1 – Roger North, English biographer (b. 1653)
March 16 – Andreas Silbermann, German organ builder (b. 1678)
March 21 – Robert Wodrow, Scottish historian (b. 1679)
April 1 – Louis Lully, French composer (b. 1664)
April 11 – Thomas Fantet de Lagny, French mathematician (b. 1660)
April 25 – Johann Konrad Dippel, German alchemist (b. 1673)
May 4 – James Thornhill, English painter (b. 1675 or 1676)
May 15 – Sebastiano Ricci, Italian painter (b. 1659)
May 21 – Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans, French princess (b. 1714)
May 24 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German physician and chemist (b. 1660)

June 12 – James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, illegitimate son of James II of England and French military commander (b. 1670)
June 15 – Giovanni Ceva, Italian mathematician (b. 1647)
June 17 – Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Marshal of France (b. 1653)
June 21 – Marie-Joseph Angélique, African slave
July 22 – Peter King, 1st Baron King, Lord Chancellor of England (b. c. 1669)
September 8 – Michel Sarrazin, Canadian scientist (b. 1659)
October 12 – Simon Henry Adolph, Count of Lippe-Detmold, ruler of the county of Lippe (b. 1694)
November 14 – Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth, French-born mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1649)
November 21 – Alexis Simon Belle, French portrait painter (b. 1674)
November 23 – Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons, Prince of Savoy (b. 1714)
December 5 – Peter Tillemans, Flemish painter (b. c. 1684)
December 8 – James Figg, English prizefighter^[130]
December 28 – Rob Roy MacGregor, Scottish clan chief (b. 1671)
date unknown
- Richard Cantillon, Irish-French economist and author
- Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, French explorer (b. 1679)

1735

January 5 – Carlo Ruzzini, Doge of Venice (b. 1653)
January 12 – John Eccles, British composer (b. 1668)
January 13 – Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, Queen consort of Sardinia (b. 1706)
January 18 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (b. 1702)
February 27 – John Arbuthnot, British physician and author (b. 1667)
March 25 – Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt, German scientist (b. 1685)
April 5 – William Derham, English minister and writer (b. 1657)
April 8 – Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian rebel against the Habsburgs (b. 1676)
April 23 – Edward Hawarden, English Catholic theologian (b. 1662)
April 25 – Samuel Wesley, English poet, religious leader (b. 1662)
June 10 – Thomas Hearne, British antiquarian (b. 1678)
June 22 – Pirro Albergati, Italian composer (b. 1663)
July 18 – Johann Krieger, German composer and organist (b. 1651)
July 26 – Jesper Swedberg, Swedish bishop (b. 1653)
July 29 – Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prussian queen consort (b. 1685)
August 30 – Edward Harley, English politician (b. 1664)
September 18 – Justus van Effen, Dutch author (b. 1684)
September 27 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist (drowned) (b. 1705)

October 8 – Yongzheng Emperor of Qing China (b. 1678)
October 26 – Margareta von Ascheberg, Swedish land owner, countess and acting regiment colonel (b. 1671)
November 14 – Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (b. 1663)
November 29 – Bernardo de Hoyos, Beatified Spanish priest (b. 1711)
December 14 – Thomas Tanner, English bishop, antiquarian (b. 1674)

1736

January 8 – Jean Leclerc (theologian), Swiss theologian and biblical scholar (b. 1657)
January 17 – Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann, German architect (b. 1662)
January 31 – Filippo Juvarra, Italian architect (b. 1678)
February 1 – James Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby, English politician (b. 1664)
February 7 – Stephen Gray, English dyer, astronomer, and scientist (b. 1666)
March 16 – Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer (b. 1710)^[131]
March 25 – Nicholas Hawksmoor, British architect (b. c. 1661)

April 21 – Prince Eugene of Savoy, French-born Austrian general (b. 1663)
April 30 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (b. 1668)
May 9 – Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real, Portuguese politician (b. 1658)
June 6 – Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye, explorer of New France, eldest son of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye (b. 1713)
July 1 – Ahmed III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1673)
July 7 – William Hardres, British politician (b. 1686)
August 14 – Victor Honoré Janssens, Flemish painter (b. 1658)

September 6 – John Porteous, Scottish captain (b. c. 1695)
September 16 – Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, German physicist and inventor (b. 1686)
September 26 – Louise Diane d'Orléans, youngest child of Philippe II, Duke of Orleans (b. 1716)
October 22 – George Clarke, English politician, architect (b. 1661)
November 2 – Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, French duke (b. 1664)
December 10 – António Manoel de Vilhena, Portuguese 66th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1663)
December 12 (burial) – Antonina Houbraken, Dutch draughtswoman (b. 1686)
December 22 – Sir William Robinson, 1st Baronet, British politician (b. 1655)
December 26 – Antonio Caldara, Italian composer (b. 1670)
date unknown
- Anna Colbjørnsdatter, Norwegian heroine (b. 1667)
- Chen Shu, Chinese painter (b. 1660)

1737

January 24 – William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1657)
January 29 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier (b. 1666)
February 14 – Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot of Hensol, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1685)
March 12 – Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, regent of the Kingdom of Serbia (1720–1733) (b. 1684)
March 16 – Benjamin Wadsworth, American President of Harvard University (b. 1670)
March 26 – Vakhtang VI of Kartli, king of the Kingdom of Kartli under the Bagrationi dynasty (b. 1675)
May 3 – James Johnston (Secretary of State), diplomat, Secretary of State for Scotland (b. 1655)
May 4
- Eustace Budgell, English writer (b. 1686)
- Ferdinand Kettler, Duke of Courland and Semigallia (b. 1655)
May 10 – Emperor Nakamikado of Japan (b. 1702)
May 17 – Claude Buffier, French philosopher and historian (b. 1661)
June 6 – Pierre Joseph Garidel, French botanist (b. 1658)
July 26 – Henri-Pons de Thiard de Bissy, French Catholic priest, bishop and cardinal (b. 1657)
July 9 – Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
July 26 – Johan Cronman, Swedish general (b. 1662)
July 27 – Maria Maddalena Martinengo, Italian nun (b. 1687)
September 27 – John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester, English privy councillor (b. 1680)
October 12 – François Catrou, French historian and Jesuit priest (b. 1659)
October 26 – Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena (b. 1655)
November 11 – Claude de Visdelou, French missionary (b. 1656)
November 20 – Caroline of Ansbach, queen of George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
December 11 – John Strype, English historian and biographer (b. 1643)

December 18 – Antonio Stradivari, Italian luthier (b. 1644)
December 19 – James Sobieski, Crown Prince of Poland (b. 1667)
December 21 – Alessandro Galilei, Italian architect, mathematician (b. 1691)
December 27
- William Bowyer, English printer (b. 1663)
- Victor-Marie d'Estrées, Marshal of France (b. 1660)
Date unknown – Sally Mapp, English lay bonesetter

1738

January 6 – Franz Xaver Murschhauser, German composer and theorist (b. 1663)
January 24 – Samuel Andrew, American Congregational clergyman, educator (b. 1656)
January 27 – Marie Wulf, Danish pietist leader (b. 1685)
January 30 – Benoît de Maillet, French diplomat and natural historian (b. 1656)
February 9 – Béatrice Hiéronyme de Lorraine, Abbess of Remiremont (b. 1662)
February 15 – Matthias Braun, Czech sculptor (b. 1684)
February 27 – Henry Grove, English nonconformist minister (b. 1684)
March 16 – George Bähr, German architect (b. 1666)
March 25 – Turlough O'Carolan, Irish harper and composer (b. 1670)
April 9 – Sir Charles Blois, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1657)
May 1 – Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle, English statesman (b. c. 1669)
May 15 – Sir John Chesshyre, English lawyer (b. 1662)
June 5 – Isaac de Beausobre, French Protestant pastor (b. 1659)
June 21 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, English politician (b. 1674)
July 8 – Jean-Pierre Nicéron, French encyclopedist (b. 1685)
July 28 – Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (b. 1661)

September 23 – Herman Boerhaave, Dutch humanist, physician (b. 1668)
December 22 – Constantia Jones, English prostitute (executed) (b. c. 1708)

1739

January 20 – Francesco Galli Bibiena, Italian architect/designer (b. 1659)
March 5 – John Joseph of the Cross, Italian saint (b. 1654)
March 7 – Anton Maria Maragliano, Italian artist (b. 1664)

April 7 – Dick Turpin, English highwayman (hanged) (b. 1705)
April 19 – Nicholas Saunderson, English scientist and mathematician (b. 1682)
May 10 – Cosmas Damian Asam, German painter and architect during the late Baroque period (b. 1686)
June 18 – Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish nobleman (b. 1700)
June 20 – Edmond Martène, French Benedictine historian and liturgist (b. 1654)
July 24 – Benedetto Marcello, Italian composer (b. 1686)
September 8 – Yuri Troubetzkoy, Governor of Belgorod (b. 1668)
September 12 – Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1667)
September 19 – Anne Marie Louise de La Tour d'Auvergne, French princess (b. 1722)
October 6 – Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, French noble (b. 1684)
October 18 – Antônio José da Silva, Brazilian-born dramatist (b. 1705)
November 14 – Juan de Galavís, Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. 1683)
November 16 – Harry Grey, 3rd Earl of Stamford, English peer (b. 1685)
date unknown – Anne Dodd, English news seller, pamphlet shop proprietor (b. 1685)

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