610s
Decade From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 610s decade ran from January 1, 610, to December 31, 619.
610
By place
Byzantine Empire
- October 4 – Heraclian revolt: Heraclius arrives with a fleet from Africa at Constantinople. Assisted by an uprising in the capital, he overthrows and personally beheads Emperor Phocas. Heraclius gains the throne with help from his father Heraclius the Elder. His first major act is to change the official language of the Eastern Roman Empire from Latin to Greek (already the language of the vast majority of the population). Because of this, after AD 610, the Empire is customarily referred to as the Byzantine Empire (the term Byzantine is a modern term invented by historians in the 18th century; the people of the Empire itself always referred to themselves as "Ρωμαῖος" — tr. Rōmaios, Roman).
Europe
- The Avars invade the Duchy of Friuli, an important buffer between the Kingdom of the Lombards in Italy and the Slavs.[1] During the fighting Gisulf II dies and his duchy is overrun (approximate date).
- King Witteric is assassinated during a banquet at Toledo, by a faction of Catholic nobles. He is succeeded by Gundemar, duke of Narbonne, who becomes king of the Visigoths in Hispania.[2]
- King Theuderic II loses Alsace, Champagne and Thurgau to his elder brother Theudebert II of Austrasia. His Burgundian army is defeated east of the Jura Mountains against the Alemanni.
- The Volga Bulgaria arises on the territory of modern Russia, being the first civilization in the region to arise from the Early Slavs (approximate date).
Britain
- Selyf ap Cynan succeeds his father Cynan Garwyn as king of Powys (Wales).
By topic
Arts and sciences
- Paper technology is imported into Japan from China by the Korean Buddhist priest, Dam Jing (approximate date).
Religion
- Muhammad, Islamic prophet, begins at 40 years old to preach a religion which will be called Islam. According to Islamic teachings, the angel Gabriel appears to him in a cave on Mount Hira near Mecca (Saudi Arabia) and calls him: "The Prophet of Allah". Muhammad gathers followers, reciting to them the first verses of Qur'an(Iqra), thus beginning the revelation of the Qur'an.[3]
- Pope Boniface IV presides over a Council of Rome for the restoration of monastic discipline. Attendees include Mellitus, first bishop of London.[4]
- Columbanus and Gallus begin their missionary work in Bregenz, near Lake Constance (Switzerland).[5]
- John V (the Merciful) becomes patriarch of Alexandria (approximate date).
Significant people
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Births
610
- Anania Shirakatsi, Armenian astronomer (d. 685)
- Barbatus, bishop of Benevento (approximate date)
- Ergica, king of the Visigoths (approximate date)
- Grimoald, King of the Lombards (approximate date)
- Lai Ji, official of the Tang dynasty (d. 662)
- Nanthild, Frankish queen (approximate date)
- Safiyya bint Huyayy, wife of Muhammad (approximate date)
611
- July 7 – Eudoxia Epiphania, daughter of Byzantine emperor Heraclius
- Leo II, Pope of the Catholic Church (d. 683)
612
- May 3 – Constantine III, Byzantine emperor (d. 641)
- Germanus of Granfelden, Frankish abbot (approximate date)
- Oswiu, king of Northumbria (approximate date)
613
614
- Eanswith, Anglo-Saxon princess (approximate date)
- Fujiwara no Kamatari, founder of the Fujiwara clan[33] (d. 669)
- Hilda of Whitby, abbess and saint (approximate date)
- Li Yifu, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 666)
- Rictrude, Frankish abbess (approximate date)
- General Xue Rengui of the Tang dynasty (d. 683)
615
- Æbbe, Anglo-Saxon princess and abbess (approximate date)
- Begga, Frankish abbess and saint (d. 693)
- Bertin, Frankish abbot (approximate date)
- Buyeo Yung, prince of Baekje (d. 682)
- Fatima, daughter of Muhammad (or 605)
- Leodegar, bishop of Autun (approximate date)
- Li Jingxuan, official of the Tang dynasty (d. 682)
616
- September 28 – Javanshir, king of Caucasian Albania (d. 680)
- Grimoald the Elder, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia (d. 657)
617
- Songtsän Gampo, emperor of the Tibetan Empire (d. 649)
- Wonhyo, Korean Buddhist monk and writer (d. 686)
- Lady K’awiil Ajaw, queen regnant of the Maya city State of Cobá (d. 682)
618
- Li Tai, prince of the Tang dynasty (d. 652)
619
- Abd Allah ibn Abbas, cousin of Muhammad (d. 687)
- Disibod, Irish monk and hermit (d. 700)
- Li Chengqian, prince of the Tang dynasty (d. 645)
- Li Ke, prince of the Tang dynasty (approximate date)
Deaths
610
- October 5 – Phocas, Byzantine emperor
- Gisulf II, Lombard duke of Friuli (approximate date)
- Heraclius the Elder, Byzantine general
- Tassilo I, King of Bavaria (b. 560)
- Waraka ibn Nawfal, the paternal first cousin of Khadija, the first wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
- Witteric, king of the Visigoths
611
- Arnoald, Bishop of Metz (approximate date)
- Ceolwulf, king of Wessex (approximate date)
- Comentiolus, Byzantine general (approximate date)
- Romilda of Friuli, regent duchess of Friuli (approximate date)
612
- c. February–March – Gundemar, king of the Visigoths
- March 6 – Janaab' Pakal, king of Palenque
- August 13 – Fabia Eudokia, Byzantine empress consort
- Áed Uaridnach, High King of Ireland
- Ajen Yohl Mat, king of Palenque
- Conall Laeg Breg, king of Brega (Ireland)
- Theudebert II, king of Austrasia (b. 586)
613
- April 22 – Saint Theodore of Sykeon, Byzantine ascetic
- Bledric ap Custennin, king of Dumnonia (England)
- Brunhilda, queen of Austrasia
- Priscus, Byzantine general
- Sigebert II, king of Austrasia
- Theuderic II, king of Austrasia
- Uncelen, Duke of Alemannia (Germany)
- Yang Xuangan, official of the Sui dynasty
614
- January 13 – Mungo, Brythonic apostle and saint
- Philippicus, Byzantine general (approximate date)
- Queen Sado
615
- May 25 – Pope Boniface IV
- November 21 – Columbanus, Irish missionary (b. 543)
- Chatzon, chieftain of the Slavs
- John I Lemigius, exarch of Ravenna
- John of Conza, Italian rebel leader
- Máel Coba mac Áedo, High King of Ireland
- Pybba, king of Mercia (approximate date)
616
- February 24 – Æthelberht, king (bretwalda) of Kent
- Æthelfrith, king of Northumbria (approximate date)
- Agilulf, king of the Lombards (approximate date)
- Anastasius, Coptic Patriarch of Alexandria
- Gundoald, Bavarian nobleman
- Iago ap Beli, king of Gwynedd (approximate date)
- John the Merciful, Patriarch of Alexandria
- Liu Jingyan, empress of the Chen dynasty (b. 534)
- Nechtan II, king of the Picts (approximate date)
- Sæbert, king of Essex (approximate date)
- Secundus of Non, Lombard abbot
- Selyf ap Cynan, king of Powys
- Yeon Taejo, prime minister of Goguryeo (approximate date)
- Yuan Humo, empress of Northern Zhou
- Yuwen Shu, general of the Sui dynasty
617
- April 17 – Donnán of Eigg, Gaelic priest
- Kakko, duke of Friuli (Italy)
- Sæward, king of Essex (approximate date)
- Sexred, king of Essex (approximate date)
- Tasso, duke of Friuli (Italy)
- Wendelin of Trier, hermit and abbot (approximate date)
- Yang Yichen, general of the Sui dynasty
- Zhai Rang, rebel leader during the Sui dynasty
618
- April 11 – Emperor Yang of Sui, emperor of the Sui dynasty (b. 569)
- September 3 – Xue Ju, emperor of Qin
- November 8 – Pope Adeodatus I[34]
- December 14 – Xue Rengao, emperor of Qin
- Dou Wei, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
- Fíngen mac Áedo Duib, king of Munster (Ireland)
- Kevin of Glendalough, Irish abbot (b. 498)
- Namri Songtsen, king of Tibet (approximate date)
- Sheguy, ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate
- Yang Gao, prince of the Sui dynasty (b. 607)
- Yang Hao, prince of the Sui dynasty (b. 586)
- Yang Jian, prince of the Sui dynasty (b. 585)
- Yang Xiu, prince of the Sui dynasty
- Yeongyang, king of Goguryeo (Korea)[29]
- Yu Shiji, official of the Chen- and Sui dynasty
619
- February 2 – Laurence, Archbishop of Canterbury[35]
- September 14 – Yang You, emperor of the Sui dynasty (b. 605)
- Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad (b. 549)
- Eulji Mundeok, military leader of Goguryeo (Korea)
- Heshana Khan, ruler of the Western Turkic Khaganate
- John Moschus, Byzantine monk and ascetical writer
- John the Merciful, Patriarch of Alexandria (approximate date)
- Khadija bint Khuwaylid, wife of Muhammad
- Li Gui, emperor of the short-lived state Liang
- Li Mi, rebel leader during the Sui dynasty (b. 582)
- Liu Wenjing, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 568)
- Yang Tong, emperor of the Sui dynasty (b. 605)
- Yuwen Huaji, general of the Sui dynasty
References
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