940s
Decade From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 940s decade ran from January 1, 940, to December 31, 949.
940
By place
Europe
- The tribe of the Polans begins the construction of the following fortified settlements (Giecz, Bnin, Ląd, Gniezno, Poznań, Grzybowo and Ostrów Lednicki) in Greater Poland. The Piast Dynasty under Duke Siemomysł gains control over other groups of Polans along the Upper Vistula, and establishes their rule around Giecz (approximate date).
Japan
- March 25 – Taira no Masakado, the self-proclaimed "New Emperor" (新皇), is subdued by local rivals who revolt against his rule. His forces are defeated by his cousin, Taira no Sadamori, in Shimōsa Province. Masakado's head is brought back to Emperor Suzaku in Tokyo.[1]
By topic
Literature
- Saadia Gaon, a Jewish rabbi and philosopher, compiles his Siddur (Jewish prayer book) in Arabic and synagogal poetry in modern-day Iraq (approximate date).
Religion
- Narita-san ("New victory temple"), a Shingon Buddhist temple, is founded in Chiba (Japan).
Significant people
- Al-Radi Abbasid caliph
- Abd al-Rahman III caliph of Córdoba
- Constantine VII of Byzantium
- Al-Muttaqi caliph of Baghdad
- Al-Mustakfi caliph of Baghdad
- Al-Qa'im of Fatimid dynasty
- Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah of Fatimid dynasty
- Al-Muti caliph of Baghdad
Births
940
- June 10 – Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani, Persian mathematician and astronomer (d. 998)
- Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu, Syrian physician and scientist (d. 1058)
- Abu-Mahmud Khojandi, Persian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1000)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, Persian mathematician and physicist (approximate date)
- Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou, French queen and regent (d. 1026)
- Al-Baqillani, Muslim theologian and jurist (approximate date)
- Baldwin III ("the Young"), Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
- Chavundaraya, Indian general, architect and poet (d. 989)
- Damian Dalassenos, Byzantine governor (approximate date)
- Eadwig ("the All-Fair"), king of England (approximate date)
- Ferdowsi, Persian poet and author (approximate date)
- George El Mozahem, Egyptian martyr and saint (d. 969)
- Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (approximate date)
- Guy (or Guido), margrave of Ivrea (Piedmont) (d. 965)
- Henry III ("the Younger"), duke of Bavaria (approximate date)
- Leopold I, margrave of Austria (approximate date)
- Lothair I, margrave of the Nordmark (approximate date)
- Notker of Liège, French bishop and prince-bishop (d. 1008)
- Sulayman al-Ghazzi, Arab poet and bishop of Gaza (approximate date)[27]
- Subh of Córdoba, mother and regent of Hisham II (approximate date)
- Thorgeir Ljosvetningagodi, Icelandic lawspeaker (approximate date)
- Vijayanandi, Indian mathematician and astronomer (approximate date)
- Willigis, German archchancellor and archbishop (approximate date)
- Wulfhilda of Barking, English nun and abbess (approximate date)
941
- Brian Boru, High King of Ireland (approximate date) (d. 1014)
- Hugh Capet, first of the Capetian Kings of France (d. 996)
- Ibn Furak, Muslim imam, jurist and theologian (d. 1015)
- Lê Hoàn, emperor of the Early Lê Dynasty (Vietnam) (d.1005)
- Lothair III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (d. 986)
942
- March 7 – Mu'ayyad al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Dynasty (d. 983)
- Fujiwara no Tamemitsu, Japanese statesman (d. 992)
- Genshin, Japanese Tendai scholar (d. 1017)
- Liu Chang, emperor of Southern Han (d. 980)
- Sabuktigin, emir of Ghazna (approximate date)
- Sabur ibn Ardashir, Persian statesman (d. 1025)
- Sŏ Hŭi, Korean politician and diplomat (d. 998)
- Sviatoslav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (approximate date)
- Wang, empress of the Song Dynasty (d. 963)
943
- Dayang Jingxuan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1027)
- Edgar I (the Peaceful), king of England (approximate date)
- Emma of Paris, duchess consort of Normandy (d. 968)
- Ibn Zur'a, Abbasid physician and philosopher (d. 1008)
- Matilda, queen consort of Burgundy (approximate date)
944
- Abd al-Malik I, Samanid emir (d. 961)
- Al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad, Muslim imam (d. 1020)
- Fujiwara no Akimitsu, Japanese bureaucrat (d. 1021)
- Fujiwara no Sukemasa, Japanese statesman (d. 998)
- Ibn Juljul, Muslim physician (approximate date)
- John VIII bar Abdoun, patriarch of Antioch (d. 1033)
- Otto (or Odo), duke of Burgundy (d. 965)
945
- Abbo of Fleury, French monk and abbot (approximate date)
- Adelaide of Aquitaine, French queen consort (or 952)
- Al-Muqaddasi, Arab Muslim geographer (approximate date)
- Al-Sijzi, Persian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1020)
- Eric the Victorious, king of Sweden (approximate date)
- Judah ben David Hayyuj, Jewish linguist (approximate date)
- Tróndur í Gøtu, Viking chieftain (approximate date)
946
- Henry I, duke of Burgundy (d. 1002)
- Henry II ("the Good"), count of Stade (d. 1016)
- Approximate date
- Sylvester II, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1003)[28]
- Theodora, Byzantine empress consort
947
- Al-Qadir, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (d. 1031)
- Fujiwara no Koshi, Japanese empress (d. 979)
- Raja Raja Chola I, king of Chola Kingdom (d. 1014)
948
- September 1 – Jing Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (d. 982)
- December 22 – Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean official and general (d. 1031)
- Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, Twelver Shia theologian (approximate date)
- Baba Kuhi of Shiraz, Persian Sufi mystic and writer (d. 1037)
- Emma of Italy, queen of the West Frankish Kingdom (approximate date)
- Minamoto no Yorimitsu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1021)
949
- Fujiwara no Nagatō, Japanese bureaucrat and poet (d. 1009)
- Gebhard of Constance, German bishop (d. 995)
- Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, High King of Ireland (d. 1022)
- Mathilde, German abbess and granddaughter of Otto I (d. 1011)[29]
- Ranna, Kannada poet (India) (approximate date)
- Symeon (the New Theologian), Byzantine monk and poet (d. 1022)
- Uma no Naishi, Japanese nobleman and waka poet (d. 1011)
Deaths
940
- March 25 – Taira no Masakado, Japanese nobleman and samurai
- May 12 – Eutychius, patriarch of Alexandria (b. 877)
- June 7 – Qian Hongzun, heir apparent of Wuyue (b. 925)
- July 4 – Wang Jianli, Chinese general (b. 871)
- July 20 – Ibn Muqla, Abbasid vizier and calligrapher
- August 5 – Li Decheng, Chinese general (b. 863)
- September 30 – Fan Yanguang, Chinese general
- November 8 – Yao Yi, Chinese chancellor (b. 866)
- November 14 – Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami, Samanid vizier
- December 23 – Ar-Radi, Abbasid caliph (b. 909)
- December 25 – Makan ibn Kaki, Daylamite warlord
- Atenulf II, prince of Benevento and Capua (Italy)
- Faelan mac Muiredach, king of Leinster (Ireland)
- Ibn Abd Rabbih, Moorish writer and poet (b. 860)
- Rajyapala, emperor of the Pala Dynasty (Bengal)
- Yang Lian, crown prince of Wu (Ten Kingdoms)
- Zhao Guangyi, Chinese official and chancellor
941
- January 5 – Zhang Yanhan, Chinese chancellor (b. 884)
- February 12 – Wulfhelm, archbishop of Canterbury
- April 21 – Bajkam, Turkish military commander
- Abu Bakr Muhammad, Muslim governor
- Fujiwara no Sumitomo, Japanese nobleman
- Gurgen II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)
- Jayavarman IV, Angkorian king (Cambodia)
- Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Persian scholar (b. 864)
- Olaf Guthfrithson, Viking leader and king[30]
- Órlaith íngen Cennétig, Irish queen
- Qian Yuanguan, king of Wuyue (b. 887)
- Rudaki ("Adam of Poets"), Persian poet (b. 858)
- Wang Dingbao, Chinese chancellor (b. 870)
- Zhao Sun, Chinese official and chancellor
942
- January 21 – An Chongrong, Chinese general (Five Dynasties)
- February 13 – Muhammad ibn Ra'iq, Abbasid de facto regent
- June 10 – Liu Yan, emperor of Southern Han (b. 889)
- July 28 – Shi Jingtang, emperor of Later Jin (b. 892)
- August 24 – Liu, empress dowager of Later Jin
- November 18 – Odo of Cluny, Frankish abbot
- December 17 – William I, duke of Normandy (b.c. 893)
- An Congjin, Chinese general and governor
- Fulk I, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
- Idwal Foel, king of Gwynedd (Wales)
- Llywelyn ap Merfyn, king of Powys (Wales)
- Pietro Participazio, doge of Venice (Italy)
- Saadia Gaon, Jewish philosopher and exegete
- Stephen VIII, pope of the Catholic Church
- Theobald the Elder, Frankish nobleman (b. 854)
- Wigred, bishop of Chester-le-Street (approximate date)
- Wynsige, bishop of Dorchester (approximate date)
943
- February 23
- David I, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)
- Herbert II, Frankish nobleman
- February 26 – Muirchertach mac Néill, king of Ailech (Ireland)
- March 16 – Pi Guangye, chancellor of Wuyue (b. 877)
- March 30 – Li Bian, emperor of Southern Tang (b. 889)
- April 6
- Liu Churang, Chinese general (b. 881)
- Nasr II, Samanid emir (b. 906)
- April 10 – Landulf I, prince of Benevento and Capua (Italy)
- April 15 – Liu Bin, emperor of Southern Han (b. 920)
- April 18 – Fujiwara no Atsutada, Japanese nobleman (b. 906)
- July 4 – Wang Kon, founder of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 877)
- July 26 – Motoyoshi, Japanese nobleman and poet (b. 890)
- November 8 – Liu, empress of Qi (Ten Kingdoms) (b. 877)
- Cao Zhongda, official and chancellor of Wuyue (b. 882)
- Gagik I of Vaspurakan, Armenian king (or 936)
- Liu Honggao, chancellor of Southern Han (b. 923)
- Sinan ibn Thabit, Persian physician (b. 880)
- Urchadh mac Murchadh, king of Maigh Seóla (Ireland)
- Xu Jie, Chinese officer and chancellor (b. 868)
- Zhang Yuxian, Chinese rebel leader (approximate date)
944
- February 25 – Lin Ding, Chinese official and chancellor
- April 8 – Wang Yanxi, emperor of Min (Ten Kingdoms)
- April 23 – Wichmann the Elder, Frankish nobleman
- Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Muslim theologian (b. 853)
- Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, Qarmatian ruler (b. 906)
- Ch'oe Ŏn-wi, Korean minister and calligrapher (b. 868)
- Donnchad Donn, High King of Ireland
- Duan Siping, ruler of Dali (approximate date)
- Fang Gao, Chinese official and chief of staff
- Flaithbertach mac Inmainén, Irish abbot
- Harshavarman II, Angkorian king
- Li, empress of Min (Ten Kingdoms)
- Liu Hongchang, Chinese chancellor
- Mahipala I, Gurjara-Pratihara king
- Ngo Quyen, Vietnamese king
- Wang Yacheng, Chinese prince
945
- January 21 – Yang Tan, Chinese general and governor
- February 14
- Lian Chongyu, Chinese general
- Zhu Wenjin, emperor of Min (Ten Kingdoms)
- June 30 – Ki no Tsurayuki, Japanese writer and poet (b. 872)
- July 4 – Zhuo Yanming, Chinese Buddhist monk and emperor
- October 23 – Hyejong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 912)
- Abu Muhammad al-Hasan, Arab Muslim geographer (b. 893)
- Adarnase II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)
- Bagrat I, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)
- Fujiwara no Nakahira, Japanese statesman (b. 875)
- Igor I, Varangian ruler of Kievan Rus'
- Krešimir I, king of Croatian Kingdom
- Song Fujin, empress and wife of Li Bian
- Tuzun, Abbasid general and de facto ruler
- Wang Jichang, Chinese general and chancellor
- Yang Sigong, Chinese official and chancellor
- Zhang Gongduo, Chinese general and official
946
- January 26 – Eadgyth, queen consort of Germany (b. 910)
- May 17 – Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, Fatimid caliph (b. 893)
- May 26 – Edmund I, king of England (b. 921)
- June 4 – Guaimar II (Gybbosus), Lombard prince
- July 24 – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, ruler of Egypt (b. 882)
- August 1
- Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah, Abbasid vizier (b. 859)
- Lady Xu Xinyue, wife of Qian Yuanguan (b. 902)
- November 26 – Li Congyan, Chinese general (b. 898)
- Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli, Abbasid scholar and chess player (b. 880)
- Abu Bakr Shibli, Persian official and Sufi (b. 861)
- Cormacan Eigeas, Irish poet (approximate date)
- Daniel Ben Moses al-Kumisi, Jewish scholar
- Ibrahim ibn Sinan, Abbasid mathematician (b. 908)
- John of Rila, Bulgarian hermit (approximate date)
- Marinus II, pope of the Catholic Church
- Rachilidis, Swiss Benedictine hermit and saint
- Yeghishe I, Catholicos of All Armenians
- Zhao Jiliang, chancellor of Later Shu (b. 883)
947
- January 12 – Sang Weihan, Chinese chief of staff (b. 898)
- January 27 – Zhang Yanze, Chinese general and governor
- January 28 – Jing Yanguang, Chinese general (b. 892)
- May 18 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 902)
- May 30 – Ma Xifan, king of Chu (Ten Kingdoms) (b. 899)
- June 21 – Zhang Li, official of the Liao Dynasty
- June 22 – Qian Hongzuo, king of Wuyue (b. 928)
- June 23
- Li Congyi, prince of Later Tang (b. 931)
- Wang, imperial consort of Later Tang
- August 19 – Abu Yazid, Kharijite Berber leader (b. 873)
- November 23 – Berthold, duke of Bavaria
- Ce Acatl Topiltzin, Toltec ruler (approximate date)
- Hugh of Arles, king of Italy and Lower Burgundy
- Jordi, bishop of Vic (Spain) (approximate date)
- Li Renda, Chinese warlord and governor
- Liu Xu, chancellor of Later Tang and Later Jin (b. 888)
- Thomais of Lesbos, Byzantine saint (b. ca. 909)[31]
- Wulfgar, bishop of Lichfield (approximate date)
948
- June 15 – Romanos I, Byzantine emperor (b. c. 870)
- March 10 – Liu Zhiyuan, founder of the Later Han (b. 895)
- March 13 – Du Chongwei, Chinese general and governor
- April 28 – Hu Jinsi, Chinese general and prefect
- August 24 – Zhang Ye, Chinese general and chancellor
- November 10 – Zhao Yanshou, Chinese general and governor
- December 1 – Gao Conghui, prince and ruler of Jingnan (b. 891)
- December 12 – Li Song, Chinese official and chancellor
- Al-Qasim Guennoun, Idrisid ruler and sultan
- Blácaire mac Gofraid, Viking king of Dublin
- Gormflaith ingen Flann Sinna, Irish queen
- Ibrahim ibn Simjur, Samanid governor
- Minamoto no Kintada, Japanese waka poet (b. 889)
- Sunifred II, count of Urgell (Spain) (b. c. 870)
949
- June 1 – Godfrey, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
- August 17 – Li Shouzhen, Chinese general and governor
- September 14 – Fujiwara no Tadahira, Japanese statesman and regent (b. 880)
- September/October – Abdallah ibn al-Mustakfi, Abbasid caliph (b. 905)[32]
- December – Imad al-Dawla, founder of the Buyid dynasty (Iran)
- December 2 – Odo of Wetterau, German nobleman
- December 10 – Herman I, duke of Swabia
- date unknown
- An, Chinese imperial consort (Five Dynasties)
- Eadric, ealdorman of Wessex (approximate date)
- Jeongjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 923)
- Miroslav (or Miroslaus), king of Croatia[33]
- Xiao Han, general of the Khitan Liao dynasty
- Yunmen Wenyan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk[34]
- Zhao Tingyin, general of Later Shu (b. 883)
References
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