Aizuwakamatsu

Aizuwakamatsu (会津若松市, Aizuwakamatsu-shi) is a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021^[update], the city had an estimated population of 118,159 in 50,365 households,^[1] and a population density of 310 persons per km². The total area of the city was 382.97 square kilometres (147.87 sq mi).

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Aizuwakamatsu 会津若松市
City
Aidzu Sazaedou [ja] Skyline from Aizuwakamatsu Castle Aizuwakamatsu Castle Oyaku-en Higashiyama Onsen [ja] Emnei-ji [ja]
Flag Seal
Location of Aizuwakamatsu in Fukushima Prefecture
Aizuwakamatsu
Coordinates: 37°29′41.4″N 139°55′47.1″E
Country	Japan
Region	Tōhoku
Prefecture	Fukushima
First official recorded	400 AD
City Settled for Wakamatsu	April 1, 1899
Current city name changed	January 1, 1955
Government
• Mayor	Ichirō Kanke
Area
• Total	382.97 km2 (147.87 sq mi)
Population  (March 1, 2020)
• Total	119,232
• Density	310/km2 (810/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
– Tree	Japanese Red Pine
– Flower	Common Hollyhock
– Bird	Common cuckoo
Phone number	0242-39-1111
Address	3–46 Higashisakaemachi, Aizuwakamatsu-shi, Fukushima-ken 965-8601
Website	Official website

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The area of present-day Aizuwakamatsu was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and was settled from prehistoric times. The Aizu-Otsuka Kofun within the city borders dates from the 4th century AD, and is an Important Cultural Property.

According to legend, in 88 BCE, Emperor Sujin sent two generals; Ohiko and Takenukawa-wake to the Tōhoku region for the purpose of establishing peace after the quashing of a rebellion in the region.^[2]

Before the late 12th century, Aizuwakamatsu was mainly a market town and a base for regional warlords. Starting in 1192, Aizuwakamatsu became part of the regions that were controlled by the Kamakura shogunate. Soon after taking power, Yoritomo granted a samurai named Suwara Yoshitsura (from the Miura clan) all of Aizu. A descendant of Suwara, Ashina Morinori, began construction of the first castle in the city in 1384.^[2] During the Sengoku period the final lord of Aizu, Ashina Moritaka, died in 1583 and soon the Ashina clan lost power. After the Satake clan took control of the castle, they placed a twelve-year-old member of their clan who was renamed Ashina Morishige and proclaimed lord of Aizu. The Ashina clan regained control of Aizu for a brief time in 1589 with the help of Date Masamune. However, Masamune took over the domain for himself soon after. He surrendered in 1590 to Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Toyotomi gave Aizu to one of his allies, Gamo Ujisato who then began construction in 1592 of a new castle at the site. It was during this time that the town was renamed "Wakamatsu" (young pine).^[2]

During the Edo period, Aizu was controlled briefly by Uesugi Kagekatsu in 1600 after the death of Gamo Ujisato in 1596. Tokugawa Ieyasu accused Uesugi of gathering troops in Aizu. Ieyasu then transferred the Uesugi to Yonezawa. Through inheritance, Aizu was passed to Hoshina Masayuki (a brother of the third Tokugawa shogun) in 1643. The Edo period saw the economic and cultural growth of Aizu.^[2]

Hoshina's descendants would rule the Aizu Domain for the next 200 years, adopting the Matsudaira name until the ninth generation Daimyō, Matsudaira Katamori, backed the bakufu in the Boshin War. Aizuwakamatsu Castle would fall during the Battle of Aizu and the domain forfeit. A group of 22, including loyal retainers and their families, managed to escape to California and lend the name of their home to establish the first Japanese colony in America, the ill fated Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Farm Colony in 1869.^[3]

After the Meiji Restoration, Wakamatsu Town was created with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. It became Wakamatsu City in 1899. On April 1, 1937, a part of Machikita village (from Kitaaizu District) was merged into the city of Wakamatsu. The remained was annexed on April 1, 1951. The name of the city was changed to Aizuwakamatsu on January 1, 1955 when Wakamatsu merged with seven villages of Kitaaizu District (Kouya, Kouzashi, Monden, Ikki, Higashiyama, Ōto and Minato). ^{[citation needed]}. A part of the town of Hongō (locality of Oya) (from Ōnuma District) was merged into Aizuwakamatsu on April 1, 1955.

Aizuwakamatsu further expanded by annexing the village of Kitaaizu (from Kitaaizu District) on November 1, 2004 and the town of Kawahigashi (from Kawanuma District) on November 1, 2005. ^{[citation needed]}

Aizuwakamatsu is located in the western part of Fukushima Prefecture, in the southeast part of Aizu basin.

Per Japanese census data,^[8] the population of Aizuwakamatsu peaked around the year 1990 and had since declined to pre-1960 levels.

Aizuwakamatsu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 29 members^[9] The city contributes four members to the Fukushima Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Fukushima Electoral District 4 for the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Aizuwakamatsu is a local commercial center. The area is traditionally noted for sake brewing and lacquerware. Modern industries include textiles, wood processing and electronics.^[10]

Aizuwakamatsu has one prefectural university and a private junior college. The city has 19 public elementary school and 11 public junior high schools operated by the city government. In addition, there is one private elementary school and one private junior high school. The Fukushima Prefectural Board of Education operates five public high schools and one combined junior/senior high school. The prefecture also operates two special education schools.

• Aizuwakamatsu Castle (Tsuruga-jo)
• Aizu Matsudaira's Royal Garden (Oyakuen)
• Mount Iimori
  • Byakkotai graves
  • Aidzu Sazaedou
• former Takizawa Honjin
• Aizu Matsudaira clan grave
• Nisshinkan
• Aizu Samurai Residences
• Nanukamachi-dori Street

• Sōichirō Hoshi (1972–), voice actor
• Wakashima Kyūzaburō (1842–1891), sumo wrestler
• Aya Ohori (1996–), Japanese badminton player
• Hiroshi Sasagawa (1936–), anime creator
• Kei Satō (1928–2010) actor, narrator