California's 28th Congressional District

California's 28th Congressional District

Incumbent

Judy Chu

Assumed office: January 3, 2023

California's 28th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by Judy Chu (D).

As of the 2020 Census, California representatives represented an average of 761,091 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 704,566 residents.

Elections

2024

See also: California's 28th Congressional District election, 2024

California's 28th Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 top-two primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House California District 28

Incumbent Judy Chu defeated April Verlato in the general election for U.S. House California District 28 on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Judy Chu (D)	64.9	204,489
		April Verlato (R)	35.1	110,455

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 314,944
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 28

Incumbent Judy Chu and April Verlato defeated William Patterson and Jose Castaneda in the primary for U.S. House California District 28 on March 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Judy Chu (D)	62.7	99,261
✔		April Verlato (R)	33.1	52,369
		William Patterson (Peace and Freedom Party)	2.2	3,503
		Jose Castaneda (L)	2.0	3,156

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 158,289
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Bonnie Wallace (R)
• Kerry Lewis (R)
• Robert Lucero (R)

2022

See also: California's 28th Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House California District 28

Incumbent Judy Chu defeated Wes Hallman in the general election for U.S. House California District 28 on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Judy Chu (D)	66.2	150,062
		Wes Hallman (R)	33.8	76,495

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 226,557
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 28

Incumbent Judy Chu and Wes Hallman defeated Dorothy Caronna and Giuliano DePaolis in the primary for U.S. House California District 28 on June 7, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Judy Chu (D)	63.0	90,395
✔		Wes Hallman (R)	29.2	41,955
		Dorothy Caronna (D)	5.6	7,993
		Giuliano DePaolis (Independent)	2.2	3,100

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 143,443
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Jonathan Braun (D)

2020

See also: California's 28th Congressional District election, 2020

General election

General election for U.S. House California District 28

Incumbent Adam Schiff defeated Eric Early in the general election for U.S. House California District 28 on November 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Adam Schiff (D)	72.7	244,271
		Eric Early (R)	27.3	91,928

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 336,199
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 28

The following candidates ran in the primary for U.S. House California District 28 on March 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Adam Schiff (D)	59.6	110,251
✔		Eric Early (R)	12.6	23,243
		Maebe A. Girl (D)	12.0	22,129
		Jennifer Barbosa (Independent)	5.6	10,421
		William Bodell (R)	3.8	7,093
		Sal Genovese (D)	3.4	6,294
		Ara Khachig Manoogian (D)	1.8	3,290
		Chad Anderson (D)	1.3	2,359

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2	Total votes: 185,080
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Akinyemi Agbede (D)
• Jon Hollis (R)
• Christopher Edgardo Martinez (D)
• Selena Rose Martinez (D)

2018

See also: California's 28th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House California District 28

Incumbent Adam Schiff defeated Johnny Nalbandian in the general election for U.S. House California District 28 on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Adam Schiff (D)	78.4	196,662
		Johnny Nalbandian (R)	21.6	54,272

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 250,934
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 28

Incumbent Adam Schiff and Johnny Nalbandian defeated Sal Genovese in the primary for U.S. House California District 28 on June 5, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Adam Schiff (D)	73.5	94,249
✔		Johnny Nalbandian (R)	20.7	26,566
		Sal Genovese (D)	5.8	7,406

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 128,221
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Juan Markos (Independent)
• Mark Shayani (Independent)
• Damien Nichols (D)
• Kim Gruenenfelder (D)

2016

See also: California's 28th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Adam Schiff (D) defeated Lenore Solis (R) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Schiff and Solis defeated Sal Genovese (D) in the top-two primary on June 7, 2016.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 2016

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Adam Schiff Incumbent	78%	210,883
	Republican	Lenore Solis	22%	59,526
Total Votes				270,409
Source: California Secretary of State

U.S. House, California District 28 Primary, 2016

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Adam Schiff Incumbent	70.2%	111,766
	Republican	Lenore Solis	18.4%	29,336
	Democratic	Sal Genovese	11.3%	18,026
Total Votes				159,128
Source: California Secretary of State

2014

See also: California's 28th Congressional District elections, 2014

The 28th Congressional District of California held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Adam Schiff (D) defeated Steve Stokes (I) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 2014

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Adam Schiff Incumbent	76.5%	91,996
	Independent	Steve Stokes	23.5%	28,268
Total Votes				120,264
Source: California Secretary of State

2012

See also: California's 28th Congressional District elections, 2012

The 28th Congressional District of California held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012. The incumbent from the 29th District, Adam Schiff, won election in the district.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 2012

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Adam Schiff Incumbent	76.5%	188,703
	Republican	Phil Jennerjahn	23.5%	58,008
Total Votes				246,711
Source: California Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

2010
On November 2, 2010, Howard Berman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Merlin Froyd (R) and Carlos Rodriguez (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 2010
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Howard Berman incumbent	69.5%	88,385
	Republican	Merlin Froyd	22.4%	28,493
	Libertarian	Carlos Rodriguez	8%	10,229
Total Votes				127,107

2008
On November 4, 2008, Howard Berman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Michael Koch (Write-in) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 2008
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Howard Berman incumbent	99.9%	137,471
	Write-in	Michael Koch	0.1%	150
Total Votes				137,621

2006
On November 7, 2006, Howard Berman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Stanley Kimmel Kesselman (R), Byron De Lear (G) and Kelley Ross (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 2006
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Howard Berman incumbent	73.9%	79,866
	Republican	Stanley Kimmel Kesselman	19.1%	20,629
	Green	Byron De Lear	3.6%	3,868
	Libertarian	Kelley Ross	3.4%	3,679
Total Votes				108,042

2004
On November 2, 2004, Howard Berman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated David Hernandez (R) and Kelley Ross (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 2004
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Howard Berman incumbent	71%	115,303
	Republican	David Hernandez	23.3%	37,868
	Libertarian	Kelley Ross	5.7%	9,339
Total Votes				162,510

2002
On November 5, 2002, Howard Berman won re-election to the United States House. He defeated David Hernandez, Jr. and Kelley Ross (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 2002
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Howard Berman incumbent	71.4%	73,771
	Republican	David Hernandez, Jr.	23.2%	23,926
	Libertarian	Kelley Ross	5.4%	5,629
Total Votes				103,326

2000
On November 7, 2000, David Dreier won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Janice Nelson (D), Randall Weissbuch (L), Lawrence Allison (Natural Law) and Joe Haytas (American Independent) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 2000
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	David Dreier incumbent	56.8%	116,557
	Democratic	Janice Nelson	39.9%	81,804
	Libertarian	Randall Weissbuch	1.4%	2,823
	Natural Law	Lawrence Allison	1%	2,083
	American Independent	Joe Haytas	0.9%	1,932
Total Votes				205,199

1998
On November 3, 1998, David Dreier won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Janice Nelson (D), Jerry Douglas (L), Walt Contreras Sheasby (G) and M. Lawrence Allison (Natural Law) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 1998
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	David Dreier incumbent	57.6%	90,607
	Democratic	Janice Nelson	39.3%	61,721
	Libertarian	Jerry Douglas	1.3%	2,099
	Green	Walt Contreras Sheasby	1.2%	1,954
	Natural Law	M. Lawrence Allison	0.5%	819
Total Votes				157,200

1996
On November 5, 1996, David Dreier won re-election to the United States House. He defeated David Levering (D) and Ken Saurenman (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 1996
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	David Dreier incumbent	60.7%	113,389
	Democratic	David Levering	36.9%	69,037
	Libertarian	Ken Saurenman	2.4%	4,459
Total Votes				186,885

1994
On November 8, 1994, David Dreier won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Tommy Randle (D) and Jorj Clayton Baker (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 1994
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	David Dreier incumbent	67.1%	110,179
	Democratic	Tommy Randle	30.4%	50,022
	Libertarian	Jorj Clayton Baker	2.5%	4,069
	N/A	Write-in	0%	7
Total Votes				164,277

1992
On November 3, 1992, David Dreier won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Al Wachtel (D), Walter Sheasby (G) and Thomas Dominy (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 1992
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	David Dreier incumbent	58.4%	122,353
	Democratic	Al Wachtel	36.5%	76,525
	Green	Walter Sheasby	3%	6,233
	Libertarian	Thomas Dominy	2%	4,271
Total Votes				209,382

1990
On November 6, 1990, Julian Dixon won re-election to the United States House. He defeated George Adams (R), William Williams (P&F) and Bob Weber (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 28 General Election, 1990
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Julian Dixon incumbent	72.7%	69,482
	Republican	George Adams	22.2%	21,245
	Peace and Freedom	William Williams	2.8%	2,723
	Libertarian	Bob Weber	2.2%	2,150
Total Votes				95,600

Redistricting

2020-2021

See also: Redistricting in California after the 2020 census

The California Citizens Redistricting Commission voted 14-0 in favor of a new congressional district map on December 20, 2021, and delivered those maps to the secretary of state on December 27, 2021. California was apportioned 52 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives after the 2020 census, a net loss of one seat compared to apportionment after the 2010 census. This map took effect for California's 2022 congressional elections.

How does redistricting in California work? In California, a non-politician commission draws both congressional and state legislative district lines. Established in 2008 by ballot initiative, the commission comprises 14 members: five Democrats, five Republicans, and four belonging to neither party. A panel of state auditors selects the pool of nominees from which the commissioners are appointed. This pool comprises 20 Democrats, 20 Republicans, and 20 belonging to neither party. The majority and minority leaders of both chambers of the state legislature may each remove two members from each of the aforementioned groups. The first eight commission members are selected at random from the remaining nominees. These first eight comprise three Democrats, three Republicans, and two belonging to neither party. The first eight commissioners appoint the remaining six, which must include two Democrats, two Republicans, and two belonging to neither party.

Commissioners must meet the following requirements in order to serve:

1. Members must have voted in at least two of the last three statewide elections.
2. Members cannot have switched party affiliation for at least five years.
3. "Neither commissioners nor immediate family may have been, within 10 years of appointment, a candidate for federal or state office or member of a party central committee; an officer, employee, or paid consultant to a federal or state candidate or party; a registered lobbyist or paid legislative staff; or a donor of more than $2,000 to an elected candidate."
4. Members cannot be "staff, consultants or contractors for state or federal government" while serving as commissioners. The same prohibition applies to the family of commission members.

In order to approve a redistricting plan, nine of the commission's 14 members must vote for it. These nine must include three Democrats, three Republicans, and three belonging to neither party. Maps drawn by the commission may be overturned by public referendum. In the event that a map is overturned by the public, the California Supreme Court must appoint a group to draw a new map.

The California Constitution requires that districts be contiguous. Further, the state constitution mandates that "to the extent possible, [districts] must ... preserve the geographic integrity of cities, counties, neighborhoods and communities of interest." Districts must also "encourage compactness." State Senate and Assembly districts should be nested within each other where possible.

California District 28
until January 2, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.

California District 28
starting January 3, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.

2010-2011

This is the 28th Congressional District of California after the 2001 redistricting process.

See also: Redistricting in California after the 2010 census

In 2011, the California State Legislature re-drew the congressional districts based on updated population information from the 2010 census.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index

See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

2024

Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+16. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 16 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made California's 28th the 89th most Democratic district nationally.

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have defeated Donald Trump (R) 66.1%-31.9%.

2022

Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+16. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 16 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made California's 28th the 87th most Democratic district nationally.

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 66.1% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 31.9%.

2018

Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+23. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 23 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made California's 28th Congressional District the 51st most Democratic nationally.

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 0.82. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 0.82 points toward that party.

See also

• Redistricting in California
• California's 28th Congressional District election, 2024
• California's 28th Congressional District election, 2022
• California's 28th Congressional District election, 2020
• California's 28th Congressional District election, 2018

External links

• GovTrack District 28

Footnotes

[show]

California's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Alex Padilla (D)

Adam Schiff (D)

Representatives

District 1

Doug LaMalfa (R)

District 2

Jared Huffman (D)

District 3

Kevin Kiley (R)

District 4

Mike Thompson (D)

District 5

Tom McClintock (R)

District 6

Ami Bera (D)

District 7

Doris Matsui (D)

District 8

John Garamendi (D)

District 9

Josh Harder (D)

District 10

Mark DeSaulnier (D)

District 11

Nancy Pelosi (D)

District 12

Lateefah Simon (D)

District 13

Adam Gray (D)

District 14

Eric Swalwell (D)

District 15

Kevin Mullin (D)

District 16

Sam Liccardo (D)

District 17

Ro Khanna (D)

District 18

Zoe Lofgren (D)

District 19

Jimmy Panetta (D)

District 20

Vince Fong (R)

District 21

Jim Costa (D)

District 22

David Valadao (R)

District 23

Jay Obernolte (R)

District 24

Salud Carbajal (D)

District 25

Raul Ruiz (D)

District 26

Julia Brownley (D)

District 27

George Whitesides (D)

District 28

Judy Chu (D)

District 29

Luz Rivas (D)

District 30

Laura Friedman (D)

District 31

Gil Cisneros (D)

District 32

Brad Sherman (D)

District 33

Pete Aguilar (D)

District 34

Jimmy Gomez (D)

District 35

Norma Torres (D)

District 36

Ted Lieu (D)

District 37

Sydney Kamlager-Dove (D)

District 38

Linda Sánchez (D)

District 39

Mark Takano (D)

District 40

Young Kim (R)

District 41

Ken Calvert (R)

District 42

Robert Garcia (D)

District 43

Maxine Waters (D)

District 44

Nanette Barragán (D)

District 45

Derek Tran (D)

District 46

Lou Correa (D)

District 47

Dave Min (D)

District 48

Darrell Issa (R)

District 49

Mike Levin (D)

District 50

Scott Peters (D)

District 51

Sara Jacobs (D)

District 52

Juan Vargas (D)

Democratic Party (45)

Republican Party (9)