Hilingon an source kan Amaterasu

[[File:Amaterasu_cave_crop.jpg|right|thumb|Si Amaterasu nagbutwa gikan sa kweba, [[Ama-no-Iwato]], kun saen siya minsan nagretiro]]

Si '''Amasterasu''', bisto man sa '''Amaterasu Ōmikami''' (天照大御神, 天照大神) o '''Ōhirumi no Muchi no Kami''' (大日孁貴神), iyo an diyosa kan saldang sa [[mitolohiyang Hapones]]. Saro sa mayor na mga dios (''kami'') kan [[Shinto]], siya ilinaladawan man sa kaenot-enoteng mga tekstong literaryo sa Hapon, an ''[[Kojiki]]'' (c. 712 CE) asin an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' (120 CE), bilang an tagapamahala (o saro sa mga tagapamahala) kan langitnon na rona na [[Takamagahara]] asin an osipon na apoon kan Imperial House nin Hapon sa paagi kan saiyang makuapong si [[Ninigi]]. Kaiba kan saiyang mga tugang, an dios kan bulan na si [[Tsukuyomi]] asin an simple sanang dios nin bagyo na si Susanoo, siya ibinibilang na saro sa "Three Precious Children" (三貴子, ''mihashira no uzu no miko / sankishi''), an tolong pinakamahalagang aki kan kaglalang na dios na si [[Izanagi]].

An pangenot na lugar nin pagsamba ni Amaterasu, an Dakulang Dambana kan Ise sa [[Ise, Mie|Ise, Prepekturang Mie]], saro sa pinakaamay na lugar kan Shinto asin sarong mayor na sentro nin pilgrimahe asin lugar nin mga turista. Arog kan iba pang kamit nin Shinto, siya nalalaom man sa dakol na altar nin Shinto sa bilog na Hapon.

==Ngaran==
An diosa nanonongod bilang si 'Amaterasu Ōmikami' ({{ruby|天照大御神|あまてらすおおみかみ}} / {{lang|ja|天照大神}}; [[Historical kana orthography|historical orthography]]: {{lang|ja|あまてらすおほみかみ}}, ''Amaterasu Ohomikami''; [[Daan na Hapones]]: ''Amaterasu Opomi<sub>[[Old Japanese#Syllables|1]]</sub>kami<sub>2</sub>'') sa ''[[Kojiki]]'', mantang an ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' nagtatao kan minasunod na manlaenlaen na mga ngaran:

*Ōhirume-no-Muchi ({{ruby|大日孁貴|おおひるめのむち}}; [[Man'yōgana]]: {{lang|ja|於保比屢咩能武智}}; hist. ortograpiya: {{lang|ja|おほひるめのむち}}, ''Ohohirume-no-Muchi''; Daan na Hapones: ''Opopi<sub>1</sub>rume<sub>1</sub>-no<sub>2</sub>-Muti'')<ref name="Kuroita">{{cite book |last1=Kuroita |first1=Katsumi |title=Kundoku Nihon Shoki, vol. 1 (訓読日本書紀 上巻) |date=1943 |publisher=Iwanami Shoten |pages=27 |url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1904260/151}}</ref><ref name="Aston18">{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=18}}</ref>
*Amaterasu Ō(mi)kami ({{Lang|ja|天照大神}}; hist. ortograpiya: {{Lang|ja|あまてらすおほ(み)かみ}}, ''Amaterasu Oho(mi)kami'')<ref name="Kuroita"/><ref name="Aston18"/>
*Amaterasu Ōhirume no Mikoto ({{lang|ja|天照大日孁尊}})<ref name="Kuroita"/><ref name="Aston18"/>
*Hi-no-Kami ({{lang|ja|日神}}; OJ: ''Pi<sub>1</sub>-no-Kami<sub>2</sub>'')<ref name="Kuroita"/><ref name="Aston18"/>

An 'Amaterasu' pinaghuhuna na naggikan sa panhiro na ''amateru'' "ilawan / magkintab sa langit" (''[[:wikt:天#Etymology 1|ama]]'' "sky, heaven" + ''[[:wikt:照る#Japanese|teru]]'' "to shine") combined with the honorific [[Japanese grammar#Auxiliary verbs|auxiliary verb]] ''[[:wikt:す#Etymology 2|-su]]'',<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| editor=Akira Matsumura| encyclopedia=[[Daijirin]]| language=ja| edition= 2nd| script-title=ja:大辞林| year=1995| publisher=[[Sanseido]] Books| isbn=978-4385139005}}</ref> while 'Ōmikami' means "great [and] august deity" (''[[:wikt:大#Etymology 2|ō]]'' "great" + honorific prefix ''[[:wikt:御#Etymology 4|mi-]]'' + ''[[kami]]''). Manonotaran na an 'Amaterasu' sa 'Amaterasu Ōmikami' bakong teknikalmente sarong ngaran pareho kan 'Susanoo' sa '[[Susanoo-no-Mikoto|Susa no O no Mikoto]]' o 'Ōkuninushi' sa 'Ōkuninushi no Kami' are. An ''Amaterasu'' iyo an [[Japanese verb conjugation#Verb bases|attributive verb form]] na minabago sa pangngaran pagkatapos kaan, ''ōmikami''. An epithet na ini kun siring, urog na semantically transparent kisa sa kadaklan na ngaran na nairekord sa ''Kojiki'' asin ''Nihon Shoki'', na diyan nangangahulogan na eksakto sa kun ano an saiyang boot sabihon, mayong alusyon, inference o etymological opacity, literalmente "The Great August Goddess Who Augustly Shines in Heaven". An paggamit na ini analogo sa paggamit kan [[relative clauses]] sa Ingles, laen sana sa Japanese clauses ibinugtak sa atubangan kan pangngaran na saindang linaladawan. Ini urog na eksemplikado kan (1) an alternatibong epithet, 'Amateru Kami' (天照神,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%A9%E7%85%A7%E7%A5%9E-427082|title= 天照神 |website= kotobank.jp}}</ref> "The Goddess Who Shines in Heaven"), which is a plain, non-honorific version of 'Amaterasu Ōmikami', (2) mga alternatibong porma kan verb na ''amaterasu'' na ginamit maski saen man, por ehemplo an saiyang [[Japanese verb conjugation#Verb bases|continuative form]] ''amaterashi'' ({{ruby|天|あま}}{{ruby|照|てら}}{{ruby|之|し}}) in the ''[[Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%B2%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99|title=日本三代實録の地震史料|website=ja.wikisource.org}}</ref> asin (3) an mga kaagid na paggamit kan attributive verb na porma sa siring na mga epithet, siring kan [[Emperador Jinmu]]'s ''Hatsu Kunishirasu Sumeramikoto'' (始馭天下之天皇,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A7%8B%E9%A6%AD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E3%83%BB%E5%BE%A1%E8%82%87%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-359483|title= 始馭天下之天皇・御肇国天皇 |website= kotobank.jp}}</ref> "His Majesty Who First Rules the Land"). Igwa man giraray nin mga siring na porma nin verb na tinatratar bilang proper ngaran, siring kan [[Japanese verb conjugation#Verb bases|terminal]] negatibong ''fukiaezu'' sa '[[Ugayafukiaezu]] no Mikoto' (鸕鷀草葺不合尊, "His Augustness, Incompletely-Thatched-with-Comoran-Feathers")

An saiyang ibang ngaran, 'Ōhirume', parating nasasabotan na igwa nin kahulogan na "great woman of the sun / daytime" (cf. ''[[:wikt:昼#Etymology 2|hiru]]'' "day(time), noon", from ''[[:wikt:日#Etymology 3 2|hi]]'' "saldang, aldaw" + ''[[:wikt:女#Etymology 3|me]]'' "babaye, daraga"),<ref name="tatsumi">{{cite web |last1=Tatsumi |first1=Masaaki |title=天照らす日女の命 (Amaterasuhirumenomikoto) |url=http://k-amc.kokugakuin.ac.jp/DM/detail.do?class_name=col_dsg&data_id=68210 |website=万葉神事語辞典 |publisher=Kokugakuin University |access-date=2020-10-11 |language=ja |archive-date=2020-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011084255/http://k-amc.kokugakuin.ac.jp/DM/detail.do?class_name=col_dsg&data_id=68210 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Naumann |first1=Nelly |title='Sakahagi': The 'Reverse Flaying' of the Heavenly Piebald Horse |journal=Asian Folklore Studies |year=1982 |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=26–27 |doi=10.2307/1178306 |jstor=1178306 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Akima |first1=Toshio |title=The Myth of the Goddess of the Undersea World and the tale of Empress Jingū's Subjugation of Silla |journal=Japanese Journal of Religious Studies |date=1993 |volume=20 |issue=2–3 |pages=120–121 |url=https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/2513 |publisher=Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture|doi=10.18874/jjrs.20.2-3.1993.95-185 |doi-access=free }}</ref> minsan siring, an mga alternatibong etimolohiya siring kan "great spirit woman" (kukuanon an ''hi'' nangangahulugan na "espirito") o "agom na babaye kan saldang" (suggested by [[Orikuchi Shinobu]], na nagtao nin dalan sa teorya na an Amaterasu orihinal na ipinangidam bilang iyo an konsorte o babaying padi kan sarong lalaking dios kan saldang) minsan nang propwesto.<ref name="tatsumi"/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Eliade |editor1-first=Mircea |title=The Encyclopedia of Religion, vol. 1 |date=1987 |publisher=Macmillan |page=228 |chapter=Amaterasu}}</ref><ref>Akima (1993). p. 172.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Matsumura |first1=Kazuo |title=Mythical Thinkings: What Can We Learn from Comparative Mythology? |date=2014 |publisher=Countershock Press |page=118 |isbn=9781304772534 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=skh8BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA118}}</ref> An posibleng koneksyon sa ngaran na [[Hiruko]] (the child rejected by the gods [[Izanagi]] asin an [[Izanami]] asin an saro sa mga tugang ni Amaterasu) isinuherir man.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wachutka |first1=Michael |title=Historical Reality Or Metaphoric Expression?: Culturally Formed Contrasts in Karl Florenz' and Iida Takesato's Interpretations of Japanese Mythology |date=2001 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |pages=113–114}}</ref> To this name is appended the honorific ''muchi'',<ref>{{cite web |title=貴（むち） |url=https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%B2%B4_%28%E3%82%80%E3%81%A1%29/ |website=goo国語辞書 |access-date=2020-10-11 |language=ja}}</ref> na mahihiling man sa dikit na ibang mga [[theonym]] siring kan '[[Ōkuninushi|Ō(a)namuchi]]'<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tsugita |first1=Uruu |title=Shinpan Norito Shinkō (新版祝詞新講) |date=2008 |publisher=Ebisu Kōshō Shuppan |pages=506–507 |isbn=9784900901858 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3aYegMdAPMC}}</ref> o 'Michinushi-no-Muchi' (an epithet kan [[Munakata Taisha|tulong diyosang Munakata]]<ref name="Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co">{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=40}}</ref>).

Bilang sarong apoon kan imperial line, an epithet na 'Sume(ra)-Ō(mi)kami' ({{Lang|ja|皇大神}}, lit. "great imperial deity"; [[Kanji#On'yomi (Sino-Japanese reading)|also read as]] 'Kōtaijin'<ref>{{cite web |title=皇大神 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E7%A5%9E-496430 |website=Kotobank|script-website=ja:コトバンク |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun Company |access-date=2020-10-11}}</ref>) aplikable man sa Amaterasu sa mga ngaran siring kan 'Amaterasu Sume(ra) Ō(mi)kami' ({{Lang|ja|天照皇大神}}, also read as 'Tenshō Kōtaijin')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tobe |first1=Tamio |title="Nihon no kami-sama" ga yoku wakaru hon: yaoyorozu no kami no kigen / seikaku kara go-riyaku made o kanzen gaido (「日本の神様」がよくわかる本: 八百万神の起源・性格からご利益までを完全ガイド) |date=2004 |publisher=PHP Kenkyūsho |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CK27BQAAQBAJ&pg=PR5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nagasawa |first1=Rintarō |title=Kōso kōsō no seiseki (皇祖皇宗之聖蹟) |date=1917 |publisher=Shinreikaku |page=1 |url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/913588/9}}</ref> and 'Amaterashimasu-Sume(ra)-Ōmikami' ({{Lang|ja|天照坐皇大御神}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=天照大御神(アマテラスオオミカミ) |url=https://www.kyototuu.jp/Jinjya/MikotoAmaterasu.html |website=京都通百科事典 (Encyclopedia of Kyoto) |access-date=2020-10-11}}</ref>

Durante kan edad medya asin amay na modernong periodo, an diedad nanonongod man bilang 'Tenshō Daijin' (an ''[[Kanji#On'yomi (Sino-Japanese reading)|on'yomi]]'' kan {{Lang|ja|天照大神}}) o 'Amateru Ongami' (an alternatibong pagbasa kan pareho man sana).<ref>{{cite book |author1=Teeuwen, Mark |editor1-last=Scheid |editor1-first=Bernhard |editor2-last=Teeuwen |editor2-first=Mark |title=The Culture of Secrecy in Japanese Religion |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |page=1999 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Lk7lt70qDcC&pg=PA199 |chapter=Knowing vs. owning a secret: Secrecy in medieval Japan, as seen through the ''sokui kanjō'' enthronement unction|isbn=9781134168743 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaempfer |first1=Engelbert |title=Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed |date=1999 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |page=52 |isbn=9780824820664 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2xdLbvCR6sC&pg=PA52|translator-last=Bodart-Bailey |translator-first=Beatrice M.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hardacre |first1=Helen |title=Kurozumikyo and the New Religions of Japan |date=1988 |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=53 |isbn=0691020485 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=veE9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bocking |first1=Brian |title=The Oracles of the Three Shrines: Windows on Japanese Religion |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136845451 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sUldAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49}}</ref>

An ngaran na 'Amaterasu Ōmikami' minsan nang pinalis sa Ingles sa manlaenlaen na mga paagi. Mantang an bilang kan mga author siring kan [[Don Philippi|Donald Philippi]] itinuring iyan bilang "heaven-illuminating great deity,"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Philippi |first1=Donald L. |title=Kojiki. Translated with an Introduction and Notes |date=1968 |publisher=University of Tokyo Press |page=454}}</ref> An [[Basil Hall Chamberlain]] nakipagsuway (citing the authority of [[Motoori Norinaga]]) na ini urog na accurately nasasabotan na an boot sabihon iyo an "shining in heaven" (nin huli ta an auxiliary na ''su'' iyo an onoripiko sana, bakong causative, kaya an siring na interpretasyon na "to make heaven shine" dai manonompongan an tanda), asin pinalis iyan bilang "Heaven-Shining-Great-August-Deity".<ref>Chamberlain (1882). [https://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj017.htm Section XI.—Investiture of the Three Deities; The Illustrious August Children.]</ref> An pagkakapalis ni Gustav Heldt kan 2014 kan ''Kojiki'', meanwhile, renders it bilang "an dakula asin makusog na espirito Heaven Shining."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Heldt |first1=Gustav |title=The Kojiki: An Account of Ancient Matters |date=2014 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-2311-6388-0 |pages=xiv, 18}}</ref>

== Toltolan ==
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