Izvorni kôd stranice Henry Kissinger

{{Infokutija politički vođa 
| ime                = Henry  Kissinger
| slika              = Henry A. Kissinger, U.S. Secretary of State, 1973-1977.jpg
| redoslijed         = 56. [[Državni sekretar Sjedinjenih Američkih Država|Državni sekretar SAD]]
| vrijeme_na_vlasti  = 22. septembar 1973 – 20. januar 1977.
| prethodnik         = [[William P. Rogers|William Rogers]]
| nasljednik         = [[Cyrus Vance]]
| datum_rođenja      = {{Datum rođenja|1923|05|27}}
| mjesto_rođenja     = [[Fürth]], [[Bavarska]], [[Vajmarska Republika]]
| datum_smrti        = {{Datum smrti i godine|2023|11|29|1923|05|27}}
| mjesto_smrti       = [[Kent (Connecticut)|Kent]], [[Connecticut]], [[SAD]]
| nacionalnost       = Amerikanac
| etnicitet          = [[Jevreji]]n{{sfnp|Isaacson|1992|p=20}}
| politička_stranka  = [[Republikanska stranka (SAD)|Republikanska stranka]]
| druga_imena        = 
| zanimanje          = 
| godine_aktivnosti  = 
| poznat_po          = 
| značajna_djela     = 
}}
'''Henry Alfred Kissinger''' (rođen kao '''Heinz Alfred Kissinger'''; 27. maj 1923 – 29. novembar 2023) bio je [[Sjedinjene Američke Države|američki]] [[diplomat]] [[Jevreji|jevrejskog]] porijekla, utjecajan u američkoj politici od 1969. do 1977. Od 1973. do 1977. obavljao je dužnost 56. [[Državni sekretar Sjedinjenih Američkih Država|državnog sekretara SAD-a]] i bio je savjetnik za nacionalnu sigurnost u predsjedničkim administracijama [[Richard Nixon|Richarda Nixona]] i [[Gerald Ford|Geralda Forda]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1973/kissinger/biographical/|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1973|website=NobelPrize.org|access-date=4. 2. 2019|archive-date=26. 10. 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026120756/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1973/kissinger/biographical/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Biografija==
Rođen je kao Heinz Alfred Kissinger u [[Fürth]]u ([[Bavarska]]). Otac mu je bio školski učitelj. Potječe iz [[Jevreji|jevrejske]] [[porodica|porodice]].{{sfnp|Isaacson|1992|p=20}} Pobjegao je iz [[Njemačka|Njemačke]] pred [[Nacizam|nacističkim]] progonom 1938. Godine 1943. postao je naturalizirani Amerikanac. Ženio se dva puta. Ima dvoje djece. U poslijeratnoj Njemačkoj pokazao je legendarnu sposobnost hapšenja [[Gestapo]]vih agenata. Briljirao je akademski i diplomirao je s pohvalom na [[Univerzitet Harvard|Harvardu]] 1950. godine, gdje je i magistrirao i doktorirao filozofiju 1951. i 1954.

Kissinger je igrao istaknutu ulogu u vanjskoj politici Sjedinjenih Država između 1969. i 1977. godine, pionir politike detanta sa Sovjetskim Savezom tokom [[Hladni rat|Hladnog rata]], orkestrirajući otvaranje odnosa sa [[Kina|Kinom]], angažirajući se u onome što je postalo poznato kao šatl diplomatija na [[Bliski istok|Bliskom istoku]] koji je okončao [[Jomkipurski rat]] i pregovarao o [[Pariski mirovni sporazum|Pariskom mirovnom sporazumu]], koji je okončao američko učešće u [[Vijetnamski rat|Vijetnamskom ratu]]. Kissinger je također bio povezivan s takvim kontroverznim politikama kao što su američko [[Operacija Freedom Deal|bombardiranje Kambodže]] tokom Vijetnamskog rata, umiješanost SAD u [[Državni udar u Čileu 1973.|čileanski državni udar 1973]], dao je "zeleno svjetlo" [[Proces nacionalne reorganizacije|argentinskoj vojnoj hunti]] za njihov [[Prljavi rat]] i američka podrška [[Pakistan]]u tokom [[Bangladeški rat za nezavisnost|Bangladeša rata za nezavisnost]] uprkos genocidu koji je počinio Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21586514-new-history-sheds-fresh-light-shameful-moment-american-foreign-policy-blood |title=Blood Meridian |last=Bass |first=Gary |date=21. 9. 2013 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=13. 2. 2016 |archive-date=19. 9. 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919175332/http://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21586514-new-history-sheds-fresh-light-shameful-moment-american-foreign-policy-blood |url-status=live }}</ref> Nakon što je napustio vladu, osnovao je Kissinger Associates, međunarodnu geopolitičku konsultantsku firmu. Kissinger je napisao više knjiga o diplomatskoj historiji i međunarodnim odnosima.

Kissingerovo nasljeđe je polarizirajuća tema u američkoj politici. Naučnici ga naširoko smatraju efikasnim državnim sekretarom<ref name="trip3">{{cite web |title=TRIP Snap Poll III: Seven Questions on Current Global Issues for International Relations Scholars |url=https://trip.wm.edu/research/snap-polls/snap-poll-3/Snap_Poll_3_topline.pdf |page=9 |access-date=30. 11. 2023 |archive-date=30. 11. 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130060633/https://trip.wm.edu/research/snap-polls/snap-poll-3/Snap_Poll_3_topline.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> i osuđuju ga zato što je zatvarao oči pred [[Ratni zločin|ratnim zločinima]] koje su počinili američki saveznici zbog njegove podrške pragmatičnom pristupu politici zvanom Realpolitik.<ref name="Realpolitik">{{cite news |date=24. 3. 2013 |title=Henry Kissinger: Realpolitik and Kurdish Genocide |work=The Kurdistan Tribune |url=https://kurdistantribune.com/henry-kissinger-realpolitik-genocide/ |url-status=live |access-date=1. 3. 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118182158/https://kurdistantribune.com/henry-kissinger-realpolitik-genocide/ |archive-date=18. 1. 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ackerman |first=Spencer |date=30. 11. 2023 |title=Henry Kissinger, War Criminal Beloved by America's Ruling Class, Finally Dies |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/henry-kissinger-war-criminal-dead-1234804748/ |access-date=30. 11. 2023 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US |archive-date=30. 11. 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130044348/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/henry-kissinger-war-criminal-dead-1234804748/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Times of Israel">{{cite web |title=Protesters Heckle Kissinger, Denounce Him for 'War Crimes' |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/protesters-heckle-kissinger-denounce-him-for-war-crimes/ |date=30. 1. 2015 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=14. 12. 2015 |archive-date=22. 12. 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080350/http://www.timesofisrael.com/protesters-heckle-kissinger-denounce-him-for-war-crimes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/feb/13/hillary-clinton-henry-kissinger-harms-her-campaign |title=Does Hillary Clinton see that invoking Henry Kissinger harms her campaign? |last=Nevius |first=James |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13. 2. 2016 |access-date=23. 10. 2016 |quote=many consider Kissinger a war criminal, most famously Christopher Hitchens, who, in a lengthy two-part article for Harper's in 2001 (later expanded into the book and documentary, The Trial of Henry Kissinger), laid out his case that Kissinger should be brought up on charges 'for war crimes, for crimes against humanity, and for offenses against common or customary or international law, including conspiracy to commit murder, kidnap, and torture'. |archive-date=30. 1. 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130073825/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/feb/13/hillary-clinton-henry-kissinger-harms-her-campaign |url-status=live }}</ref> Za svoje akcije u pregovorima o prekidu vatre u Vijetnamu, Kissinger je 1973. dobio [[Nobelova nagrada za mir|Nobelovu nagradu za mir]] pod kontroverznim okolnostima.<ref name="Feldman16">{{cite book|last=Feldman|first=Burton|url=https://archive.org/details/nobelprizehistor00feld/page/16|title=The Nobel Prize: A History Of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige|publisher=[[Arcade Publishing]]|year=2000|isbn=978-1-55970-537-0|page=16|quote=Two members publicly resigned when the peace prize was awarded to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho in 1973 for a cease-fire in the Vietnam War.}}</ref> Nasuprot tome, Kissinger je izuzetno omiljena ličnost u Kini, a China News Service ga je u svojoj čitulji opisala kao nekoga "ko je imao oštru viziju i temeljno razumijevanje svjetskih poslova".<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |last=Chiang |first=Vic |date=30. 11. 2023 |title=China pays tribute to Kissinger, ‘old friend of the Chinese people’ |language=en-US |work=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/29/china-henry-kissinger-united-states/ |access-date=30. 11. 2023 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Bradsher |first=Keith |last2=Zhao |first2=Siyi |last3=Chien |first3=Amy Chang |date=30. 11. 2023 |title=To Many Chinese, Kissinger’s Death Ends an Era in U.S.-China Relations |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/30/us/henry-kissinger-china-relations.html |access-date=30. 11. 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Umro je 29. novembra 2023. u 100. godini života.

==Reference==
{{Refspisak}}

==Literatura==
*Holger Klitzing: ''The Nemesis of Stability. Henry A. Kissinger’s Ambivalent Relationship with Germany.'' WVT, Trier 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-88476-942-3}}.
*Robert D. Schulzinger: ''Henry Kissinger. Doctor of diplomacy.'' Columbia Univ. Pr., New York 1989, {{ISBN|0-231-06952-9}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Isaacson |date=1992 |title=Kissinger: A Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/kissinger00walt |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-0-671-66323-0}}

===Biografije===
{{external media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?327972-1/after-words-niall-ferguson ''After Words'' interview with Ferguson on ''Kissinger: 1923-1968: The Idealist'', November 20, 2015], [[C-SPAN]]| video2 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?415826-1/early-life-career-henry-kissinger Presentation by Ferguson on ''Kissinger: 1923–1968: The Idealist'', September 26, 2016], [[C-SPAN]]}}
* 1973. Graubard, Stephen Richards, ''Kissinger: Portrait of a Mind''. {{ISBN|0-393-05481-0}}
* 1974. Kalb, Marvin L. and Kalb, Bernard, ''Kissinger'', {{ISBN|0-316-48221-8}}
* 1974. Schlafly, Phyllis, ''Kissinger on the Couch''. Arlington House Publishers. {{ISBN|0-87000-216-3}}
* 1983. Hersh, Seymour, ''The Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House'', Summit Books. {{ISBN|0-671-50688-9}}. (''Awards:'' National Book Critics Circle, General Non-Fiction Award. Best Book of the Year: ''New York Times Book Review''; ''Newsweek''; ''San Francisco Chronicle'')
* 2004. Hanhimäki, Jussi. ''The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy''. {{ISBN|0-19-517221-3}}
* 2009. Kurz, Evi. ''The Kissinger-Saga: Walter and Henry Kissinger, Two Brothers from Fuerth, Germany''. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|978-0-297-85675-7}}.
* 2015. {{cite book | last = Ferguson | first = Niall | title = Kissinger, 1923–1968: The Idealist | publisher = Penguin Books | location = New York|isbn=978-1-59420-653-5 | year = 2015}}
* 2020. [[David Runciman|Runciman, David]], "Don't be a Kerensky!" (review of Barry Gewen, ''The Inevitability of Tragedy: Henry Kissinger and His World'', Norton, April 2020, {{ISBN|978 1 324 00405 9}}, 452 pp.; and Thomas Schwartz, ''Henry Kissinger and American Power: A Political Biography'', Hill and Wang, September 2020, {{ISBN|978 0 8090 9537 7}}, 548 pp.), ''[[London Review of Books]]'', vol. 42, no. 23 (December 3, 2020), pp.&nbsp;13–16, 18. "[Kissinger] was&nbsp;... a political opportunist doing his best to keep one step ahead of the people determined to bring him down.&nbsp;... Unelected, unaccountable, never really representing anyone but himself, he rose so high and resided so long in America's political consciousness because his shapeshifting allowed people to find in him what they wanted to find." (p.&nbsp;18.)

=== Ostalo ===
{{external media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?197600-1/qa-robert-dallek ''Q&A'' interview with Robert Dallek on ''Nixon and Kissinger'', April 29, 2007], [[C-SPAN]]| video2 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?198470-5/nixon-kissinger-partners-power Interview with Dallek on ''Nixon and Kissinger'', June 10, 2007], [[C-SPAN]]| video3 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?327849-1/kissingers-shadow Presentation by Greg Grandin on ''Kissinger's Shadow'', August 31, 2015], [[C-SPAN]]}}
* {{Cite web |last1=Arablouei |first1=Ramtin |author2=Rund Abdelfatah |date=6. 7. 2023 |title=The Legacy of Henry Kissinger |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/07/05/1186040517/the-legacy-of-henry-kissinger |work=[[Throughline]] |publisher=[[NPR]]}}
* [[Yehuda Avner|Avner, Yehuda]], ''The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership'', 2010. {{ISBN|978-1-59264-278-6}}.
* Bass, Gary. ''The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide'', 2013. {{ISBN|0-307-70020-8}}.
* Benedetti, Amedeo. ''Lezioni di politica di Henry Kissinger: linguaggio, pensiero ed aforismi del più abile politico di fine Novecento'', Genova: Erga, 2005 {{in lang|it}}. {{ISBN|88-8163-391-4}}.
* Berman, Larry, ''No peace, no honor: Nixon, Kissinger, and Betrayal in Vietnam'', New York: [[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]], 2001. {{ISBN|0-684-84968-2}}.
* Dallek, Robert, ''Nixon and Kissinger: Partners in Power''. HarperCollins, 2007. {{ISBN|0-06-072230-4}}.
* Gaddis, John Lewis. "Rescuing Choice from Circumstance: The Statecraft of Henry Kissinger". ''The Diplomats, 1939–1979'' (Princeton UP, 1994) pp.&nbsp;564–592 {{doi|10.2307/j.ctv8pz9nc.25}}.
* Graebner, Norman A. [http://dmr.bsu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/ConspectusH&CISOPTR=587&REC=1 "Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy: A Contemporary Appraisal"]. ''Conspectus of History'' 1.2 (1975).
* [[Greg Grandin|Grandin, Greg]], "Kissinger Still at Large at 100", ''[[The Nation]]'', vol. 316, no. 11 (May 29/June 5, 2023), pp.&nbsp;16–19. "We now know much more about Kissinger's crimes, the immense suffering he caused during his years in public office." (p.&nbsp;19.)
* [[Greg Grandin|Grandin, Greg]], ''Kissinger's Shadow: The Long Reach of America's Most Controversial Statesman''. Metropolitan Books, 2015. {{ISBN|978-1-62779-449-7}}.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120913101643/http://israelcfr.com/documents/5-1/5-1-7-AlexanderJGroth.pdf Groth, Alexander J, ''Henry Kissinger and the Limits of Realpolitik'', ''Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs'' 5#1 (2011)]
* Hanhimäki, Jussi M. {{" '}}Dr. Kissinger' or 'Mr. Henry'? Kissingerology, Thirty Years and Counting". ''Diplomatic History'' (November 2003), 27#5, pp.&nbsp;637–676.  {{JSTOR|/24914443}}. Historiography.
* Hanhimäki, Jussi. ''The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy'' (2004) .
* [[Christopher Hitchens|Hitchens, Christopher]], ''[[The Trial of Henry Kissinger]]'', 2002. {{ISBN|1-85984-631-9}}.
* Keys, Barbara, "Henry Kissinger: The Emotional Statesman", ''Diplomatic History'', 35#4, pp.&nbsp;587–609, {{doi|10.1111/j.1467-7709.2011.00968.x}}.
* Ki, Youn. "Tweaking or Breaking of the International Order: Kissinger, Shultz, and Transatlantic Relations, 1971–1973". ''The Korean Journal of International Studies'' 19.1 (2021): 1–28. {{doi|10.14731/kjis.2021.04.19.1.1}}.
* Klitzing, Holger, ''The Nemesis of Stability: Henry A. Kissinger's Ambivalent Relationship with Germany''. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier (WVT) 2007, {{ISBN|3-88476-942-1}}.
* Larson, Deborah Welch. "Learning in US–Soviet Relations: The Nixon-Kissinger Structure of Peace". in ''Learning in US and Soviet Foreign Policy'' (Routledge, 2019) pp.&nbsp;350–399.
* Lord, Winston, and Henry Kissinger. ''Kissinger on Kissinger: Reflections on Diplomacy, Grand Strategy, and Leadership'' (All Points Books, 2019).
* Mohan, Shannon E. {{"'}}Memorandum for Mr. Bundy': Henry Kissinger as Consultant to the Kennedy National Security Council", ''Historian'', 71.2 (Summer 2009), 234–257. {{JSTOR|24454497}}.
* Morris, Roger, ''Uncertain Greatness: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy''. Harper and Row, {{ISBN|0-06-013097-0}}.
* Rabe, Stephen G. ''Kissinger and Latin America: Intervention, Human Rights, and Diplomacy'' (2020).
* Qureshi, Lubna Z. ''Nixon, Kissinger, and Allende: U.S. Involvement in the 1973 Coup in Chile''. [[Lexington Books]], 2009. {{ISBN|0-7391-2656-3}}.
* Schulzinger, Robert D. ''Henry Kissinger: Doctor of Diplomacy''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989. {{ISBN|0-231-06952-9}}.
* Shawcross, William, ''Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon, and the Destruction of Cambodia'' (Revised edition October 2002) {{ISBN|0-8154-1224-X}}.
* {{cite web |last=Steinmeier |first=Frank-Walter | title=Rede: Feier zum 100. Geburtstag von Henry Kissinger | website=[[Der Bundespräsident]] | date=23. 6. 2023 | url=https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/DE/Frank-Walter-Steinmeier/Reden/2023/06/230620-Videogruss-Kissinger-100-Geburtstag-Fuerth.html | language=de, en | access-date=2. 7. 2023}}  [https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Reden/2023/06/230620-Videogruss-Kissinger-100-Geb-Englisch.pdf;jsessionid=69FB01F1CE85EC643FCD40B995254A2A.internet952?__blob=publicationFile English translation] (PDF).
* Suri, Jeremi, ''Henry Kissinger and the American Century'' (Harvard, Belknap Press, 2007), {{ISBN|978-0-674-02579-0}}.
* Thornton, Richard C. ''The Nixon-Kissinger Years: Reshaping America's Foreign Policy'' (2001).

==Vanjski linkovi==
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