Cancers childhood

BaP is an acknowledged lung carcinogen. Exposure of mice to it results in the formation of DNA adducts in the lung. When BaP was co-adminis-tered with pentachlorophenol (PCP), the PCP potentiated the effect of BaP and a significant increase in the number of DNA adducts was observed. M This effect, however, was observed only in adult mice and not in infant mice. The authors of the study conclude that different mechanisms are involved in the metabolism of BaP for adult versus infant mice. [Pg.553]

Leukemia and brain tumors are the most prevalent cancers among children aged 0-14 years in the United States. Together, they account for one half of all childhood cancers, 30% of which are leukemia and 20% of which are brain cancer [4], [Pg.500]

Data from the SEER program (1975-1990) and the American Cancer Society show the following percentages for childhood cancer in the United States [4, 5] [Pg.500]

Many studies have been carried out on the effects of environmental chemical exposure and carcinogenesis in children, beginning in utero and through their teens. The following are representative of these studies where chemical mixtures were shown to be causative. Other examples will be examined in Section 36.4 on cancer clusters. [Pg.500]

Epidemiological evidence shows that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and other organic solvents increases the incidence of cancer in offspring as carcinogens are transferred from the mother to the fetus via the placenta [6-9]. [Pg.500]

Reynolds CP, Lemon RS (2001) Retinoid therapy for childhood cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 15(5) 867-910... [Pg.1078]

Zahm SH, Ward MH. 1998. Pesticides and childhood cancer. Environ Health Perspect Suppl 106(Supplement 3) 893-908. [Pg.239]

Now that 80% or more of children survive their primary cancers, the incidence of secondary neoplasms may increase. Recognizing this potential, many treatment regimens for children are being modified appropriately to reduce exposure to alkylators, topoisomerase inhibitors, and radiation. Late effects clinics screen for secondary malignancies and other disease and treatment-related disabilities that accompany childhood cancer. Similar screening and educational opportunities are not currently established in adult survivors. [Pg.1412]

With increased success in pediatric clinical trials, the overall survival rate for pediatric cancers has increased significantly over the last 35 years. For certain disease states, the overall survival rate for specific pediatric malignancies is now up to 80%. Unfortunately, the consequences of success are that approximately two-thirds of childhood cancer survivors have at least one chronic or late-occurring complication of treatment. Long-term follow-up of survivors treated decades ago also has revealed very late sequelae.24... [Pg.1412]

Consider, for example, the drug 6-mercaptopurine, one of the mainstays of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a common type of childhood cancer (Rioux, 2000). Researchers have discovered that the reason some... [Pg.209]

The primary goal of the Childhood Cancer Research Program is to identify environmental factors responsible for childhood cancer. Specific aims are to understand the interactions between environmental causes of childhood cancer and host factors that influence reaction to environmental exposure. [Pg.270]

Leiss, J. K., and D. A. Savitz. (1995). Home pesticide use and childhood-cancer A case control study. American Journal of Public Health 85(2) 249-252. Zahm, Sheila H., and Mary H. Ward. (1998). Pesticides and childhood cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives 106(Suppl. 3) 893-908. [Pg.165]

Mittelstaedt, Martin. (2001). Toronto closer to pesticide ban Board of health, wary of childhood cancer, wants an end to spraying around homes. The Globe and Mail. Toronto, July 17 A4. [Pg.171]

Eaust RA (1994) Toxicity summary for toluene, Oak Ridge reservation environmental restoration program. Available at http //rais.oml.gov/tox/profiles/toluene f Vl.shtml Eear NT, Roman E, Reeves G, Panneft B (1998) Childhood cancer and paternal employment in agriculture The role of pesticides. Br J Cancer 77 825-829 Eemandez-Urrusuno R, Eattal E, Eeger J, Couvreur P, Therond P (1997) Evaluation of hepatic antioxidant systems after intravenous administration of polymeric nanoparticles. Biomaterials 18 511-517... [Pg.379]

Yamada-Okabe T, Sakai H, Kashima Y, Yamada-Okabe H (2005) Modulation at a cellular level of the thyroid hormone receptormediated gene expression by 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclodo-decane (HBCD), 4,4 -diiodobiphenyl (DIB), and nitrofen (NIP). Toxicol Lett 55 127-133 Zahm SH, Blair A (1993) Cancer among migrant and seasonal farmworkers An epidemiologic review and research agenda. Am J Ind Med 24 753-766 Zahm SH, Ward MH (1998) Pesticides and childhood cancer. Environ Health Perspect 106 893-908... [Pg.386]

Kallen and Robert (2000) found no adverse effects on congenital malformations, childhood cancer, infant mortality, low Apgar score, neonatal jaundice, or neonatal hypothyroidism among infants and children who lived in areas where drinking water was disinfected with chlorine dioxide, compared to controls living in... [Pg.53]

Davis, M. K. (1998). Review of the evidence for an association between infant feeding and childhood cancer. Int. J. Cancer. Suppl, 11, 29-33. [Pg.71]

Adjuvant chemotherapy involves the use of antineoplastic drugs when surgery or radiation therapy has eradicated the primary tumor but historical experience with similar patients indicates a high risk of relapse due to micrometastases. Adjuvant chemotherapy should employ drugs that are known to be effective in the treatment of advanced stages of the particular tumor being treated. Adjuvant chemotherapy has played a major role in the cure of several types of childhood cancers as well as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and osteosarcoma in adults. [Pg.635]

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer with a erne rate of approximately 80%. However, despite the generally favorable outeome of ALL treatment, some children relapse or experience severe treatment side effeets. Reeent research eiforts have focused on understanding the patient genetie eharaeteris-ties that underlie treatment response. To date, several studies have demonstrated that... [Pg.299]

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood cancer with cure rates of approximately 80% of all patients (1). This success rate largely stems from collaborative clinical trials that have developed risk stratification groups. Treatment intensity is proportional to relapse risk, with patients at relapse risks receiving more intensive, and therefore toxic, therapy. Thus, the overall goal of risk stratification is to balance successful treatment against toxicity. [Pg.300]

MacMahon, B. (1962). Pre-natal x-ray exposure and childhood cancer, J. NatL Cancer Inst. 28,1173. [Pg.146]

MacMahon, B. (1981). Childhood cancer and prenatal iiradiation, page 223 in Cancer Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects for the 1980s, VoL 1, Burchenal, J.H. and Oettgen, H.F., Eds. (Grune Stratton, New York). [Pg.146]

Tucker, M.A., Boice, J.D., Jr, Hoover, R.N. and Meadows, A.T. (1984). Cancer risk following treatment of childhood cancer, page 211 in Radiation Carcinogenesis Epidemiology and Biological Significance, BOICE, J.D., JR, AND Fraumeni, J.F., Jr, Eds. (Raven Press, New York). [Pg.158]

Feychting M, Floderus B, Ahlbom A (2000) Parental occupational exposure to magnetic fields and childhood cancer (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 11 151-156. [Pg.145]

Gold EB Sever LE (1994) Childhood cancers associated with parental occupational exposures. Occup Med, 9 495-539. [Pg.146]

Hemminki K, Saloniemi I, Salonen T (1981) Childhood cancer and paternal occupation in Finland. J Epidemiol Community Health, 35 11-15. [Pg.147]

IOM produced two volumes about Agent Orange in 2000. One is a special report about herbicides and diabetes. The other is an update that added a childhood cancer to the list of diseases caused by parental exposures to herbicides. [Pg.227]

This work was supported by the UWCCC pilot grant (A.L.R.) and the Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer (MACC) Fund Grant (A.L.R.). [Pg.368]

Since about 10 years a possible association between health impairments (especially childhood cancer) and an indoor exposure with biocides is discussed, but biocide concentrations in the indoor environment were seldom measured in detail (Daniels, Olshan and Savitz, 1997). Information about frequency and mode of biocide use were mostly obtained through questionnaires instead (e.g., Buckley et al., 2000 Infante-Rivard et al., 1999 Kato et al., 2004 Leiss and Savitz, 1995 Meinert et al., 2000 Menegaux et al., 2006). [Pg.262]

Daniels, J.L., Olshan, A.F. and Savitz, D.A. (1997) Pestiddes and childhood cancers. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105, 1068-77. [Pg.267]

Leiss, J.K. and Savitz, D.A. (1995) Home pesticide use and childhood-cancer-a case-conttol study. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 249-52. [Pg.269]

Childhood cancers that may have environmental causes... [Pg.116]

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