Emissions from environmental tobacco smoke

Using a one-dimensional Monte Carlo analysis to estimate population exposure and dose uncertainty distributions for particulate matter, where model inputs and parameters (e.g. ambient concentrations, indoor particulate matter emission rates from environmental tobacco smoke, indoor air exchange rates, building penetration values, particle deposition rates) are represented probabilistically with distributions statistically fitted to all available relevant data. [Pg.36]

Environmental tobacco smoke, unvented radiant and convective kerosene space heaters, and gas cooking and heating appliances may be important sources of PAHs in indoor air (Chuang et al. 1991 Hoffmann and Hoffmann 1993 Mumford et al. 1991 NRC 1986 Traynor et al. 1990). Stationary sources account for about 80% of total annual PAH emissions the rest are from mobile sources. [Pg.248]

Human exposure to complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) occurs through inhalation of tobacco smoke and polluted indoor or outdoor air, through ingestion of certain foods and polluted water, and by dermal contact with soots, tars, and oils CO. Methylated PAH are always components of these mixtures and in some cases, as in tobacco smoke and in emissions from certain fuel processes, their concentrations can be in the same range as some unsubstituted PAH. The estimated emission of methylated PAH from mobile sources in the U.S. in 1979 was approximately 1700 metric tons (2). The occurrence of methylated and unsubstituted PAH has been recently reviewed (1, 2). In addition to their environmental occurrence, methylated PAH are among the most important model compounds in experimental carcinogenesis. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, one of... [Pg.91]

Guerin MR, Higgins CE, Jenkins RA. 1987. Measuring environmental emissions from tobacco combustion sidestream cigarrette smoke literature review. Atmos Env 21(2) 291-297. [Pg.252]

Environmental exposures are present through the human lifetime. However, they may vary considerably over time at the same location, for example, because of the local or global changes in emission and environmental pollution levels. Environmental exposures of humans consist of exposures outdoors and indoors as well as at workplaces these environments may significantly differ. The exposure media include air, water, and soil and dust. Historically, research on human exposures to chemicals and associated health effects has been conducted mostly on single chemicals. In addition, several studies have dealt with complex mixtures, such as diesel fuel and gasoline, by-products from coal combustion, and tobacco smoke. A common problem of complex mixtures is that the composition may vary from one exposure to another and, as a result, the associated toxicity may vary. For a better understanding... [Pg.24]

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