Ethoxy sulfates

Alkylation of benzene using alpha olefins produces linear alkylbenzenes, which are further sulfonated and neutralized to linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LABS). These compounds constitute, with alcohol ethoxy-sulfates and ethoxylates, the basic active ingredients for household detergents. Production of LABS is discussed in Chapter 10. [Pg.207]

CMCs of some alcohol ethoxy sulfates are given in Table 16. [Pg.254]

Dioxane is an impurity present in alcohol ethoxy sulfates formed during sulfation of the ethoxylated alcohol. 1,4-Dioxane is a carcinogen in rats and mice [312-314] and has been considered as a possible carcinogen to humans [315-317]. However, the no-effect dose in rats is equivalent to a daily intake of dioxane of 9.6-19.0 mg/kg/day, which corresponds to 0.672 g/day for humans. In other studies it has been determined that the threshold for onset of human toxicity of 1,4-dioxane lies above an intake of 76 mg/kg in adult males [318]. Although it seems to be demonstrated that amounts up to 1000 ppm of... [Pg.286]

The reaction heat is removed by the vacuum evaporation of dilution water. The resulting water vapors allow complete degassing and stripping of any trace of undesired low boiling by products (i.e., 1,4-dioxane for ethoxy sulfates). The product temperature is accurately controlled with the vacuum level kept in the reactor and by the temperature control in the reactor jacket. The automatic control of the different process parameters, i.e., flow rate of reagents, vacuum degree, temperature of thermostatting water, also allows for accurate control of the product concentration. [Pg.695]

Applications Various surfactant types (ABS, AES, secondary alkane sulfonates, and alkylphenol ethoxy-sulfates) have been analysed by means of a QQQ using a thermospray source [89]. Other applications of hyphenated thermospray ionisation mass-spectrometric techniques (LC-TSP-MS) are described elsewhere (Section 73.3.2). [Pg.377]

There is a great variety of ethylene oxide derivatives with differing numbers of EO oligomers produced, depending on the desired properties of the final AEs used in the detergent or cleaning preparation. When the final product is transformed into an ethoxy sulfate, the AES usually... [Pg.60]

Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) is a specialised form of CE that employs a fused silica capillary filled with an immobilised and cross-linked polyacrylamide gel. This gel contains a network of pores, which allows separation of ions based on differences in molecular size. CGE was applied to the separation of ionic alkylphenol ethoxy sulfates and... [Pg.111]

Fig. 2.11.15. General structural formulae of (I) di-nonylphenolethoxy carboxylates (di-NPEC CnIIl9)2-C6H3-0-(CIl2-CH2-())I-CIl2-C02), (II) nonylphenoldiethoxysulfo-nates (NP(EO)2-S03 C9H19-C6H4-0-(CH2-CH2-0)2-CH2-S03), (III) nonylphenol-ethoxy sulfates (NPEO-SO4 C -Ce -O-fCHa-CHa-O -SOgH), and (IV) nonylphenolethoxy phosphate (NPEO-PO4 O9II19—CBII/ —G—(CH2-CH2-0)x-...

Estimates based on published and industry information sources for production of linear alkyl (C12) benzene alkylate sulfonic acid andlauryl-3 mol ethoxy sulfate. [Pg.87]

Matthis, E., M. S. Holt, A. Kiewiet, and G. B. J. Rijs, Environmental monitoring for linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, alcohol ethoxylate, alcohol ethoxy sulfate, alcohol sulfate, and soap , Environ Toxicol. Chem., 18,2634-2644 (1999). [Pg.1237]

Of the three main types of surfactants, the anionics are by far the most commercially important class, constituting, in particular, the major surfactant type represented in laundry and hand-dishwashing detergents. Among the anionics, linear sodium alky] benzene sul-fonaie (LAS), linear alkyl sulfates, and linear alkyl ethoxy sulfates are by far the most widely used compounds. (The industry convened voluntarily to linear alkyl chains in the mid-1960s to obtain improved biodegradabilily relative to the branched chain alkylates formerly used.)... [Pg.478]

Surfactants can be divided into four general areas cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants. Major anionic surfactants are soaps, linear alcohol sulfates, linear alcohol ethoxy-sulfates, and linear alkylbenzenesulfonates. [Pg.503]

Vashon, R.D., Schwab, B.S. (1982) Mineralization of linear alcohol ethoxylates and linear alcohol ethoxy sulfates at trace concentrations in estuarine water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16, 433 36. [Pg.768]

The anionie surfactants of major importance are the linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS). Other important elasses are alkyl sulfates, sulfonates, and ethoxy-sulfates (AES). Few LC-MS studies have been published. [Pg.219]

Cuzzola et al. [25-26] identified and characterized Fenton oxidation products of lauryl sulfate and AES. The Fenton reaction is a frequently applied oxidative treatment in STPs. The degradation prodncts of anionic surfactants have been objects of stndy as well, because their biodegradation products might involve the loss of the snlfate group, resulting in essentially nonionic surfactants (see below). According to Schroder [27], the biodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxy sulfates does not involve a loss of the sulfate. [Pg.221]

A very efficient way to reduce 7k is to incorporate two or three oxyethylene monomers between the amphiphile hydrophobic chain and the polar head group (alcohol ethoxy sulfates). In each case other properties of the amphiphile, such as the surface activity, can be consequently modified. [Pg.46]

A few recent patents are listed in Table 7.19 that describe the cleaning of really tough, burnt-on soiled dishware. In general these products are alkaline (pH > 8), might be thickened with a polymer thickener, and may contain a soluble abrasive. In one case, the use of branched ethoxy sulfate surfactants proves useful in cleaning heavily soiled dishware. [Pg.220]

FIG. 8.21 Effect of product pH on protease stability in a HDLD containing alcohol ethoxylate and alcohol ethoxy sulfates. (Reproduced from Kravetz, L. and Guin, K.F., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 62, 943, 1985. With permission.)... [Pg.273]

Calfoam. [Pilot] Alcohol and ethoxy sulfates detergent, foam booster/stabi-lizer, wetter, emulsifier for detergent systems, personal care prods., emulsion polymerization. [Pg.60]

Fenopon . [Rhone-Poulenc Surf.] Ethoxy sulfates, cocoyl isethionates, or fatty acid taurates surfactants. [Pg.143]

Cal foam NEL-60 Linear primary alcohol ethoxy-sulfate liquid (50% active) Pi lot... [Pg.371]

Typical enulsifiers used in emulsion polymerization of VC are anirmic emulsifiers like sodium alkyl sulfonates, sodium diaUcyl sulfosucdnates, fatty acid soaps and sodium ethoxy sulfates. Neutral emulsifiers like alltyl phenol ethoxylates and fatty acid ethoxylates are often added during after polymerization in Oder b> increase latex stability. The emulsifiers are not only chosen for control of the particle formation and latex stability during polymerization, but for a number of other reasons like mechanical stability, reactor wall build-up, plastisol formation, heat and colour stability and water resistance of the final product [1]. [Pg.715]

Varadaraj, R., J. Bock, P. Valint, S. Zushma, and R. Thomas, Fimdamental Interfacial Properties of Alkyl-Branched Sulfate and Ethoxy Sulfate Surfactants Derived from... [Pg.127]

Chem. T scrip. Sodium alkylaryl ethoxy sulfate Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, acrylates, methacrylates, styr ene, butadiene for paper coalings, textile coatings, paints, adhesives, industrial coatings food pkg. adhesives component in paper/paperboard in contact with aq./fatty/dry foods Regulatory EDA 21CER 175.105,176.170,176.180 BGA XIV compliance Canada DSL, Korea, Japan listed Properties Pale yel. liq. dens. 8.8 Ib/gal vise. 100 cps cloud pt. 10 C (lower), > 100 C (upper) pH 8 (10%) surf. tens. 55 dynes/cm ( CMC) anionic 33% solids Toxicolo TSCA listed Abex 33S [Rhodia HPCII]... [Pg.4]

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