Functions in the Immune Response

The expression of both FceRI and CD23 by human eosinophils enables this cell type to act in two ways in the immune response as an effector and as a regulatory [Pg.76]

Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 [Pg.76]

It is also possible that IgE receptor expression would provide eosinophils with a means to exert their antitumoral activity through IgE-mediated ADCC. Indeed, it has been shown that eosinophils sometimes play a role in IL antim-moral activity (65) and that FcctR (66), FceRI (67,68), and FcyR (69) also participate to antitumoral activity. [Pg.77]

Eosinophils have been recently associated with inflammatory reactions occurring during skin allograft rejection (70). In one model of graft-versus-host disease, the reaction was lethal and associated to IgE production (71). An involvement of EceRI in this process has not been demonstrated so far. [Pg.77]

As demonstrated for mast cells, eosinophils, which also synthesize several cytokines, are able to secrete cytokines upon FceRI engagement and therefore modulate the immune response. Indeed, it was first demonstrated that activation of eosinophils by IgE immune complexes induced IL-5 release (72). More recently, and similarly to IgA immune complexes (59), we have shown that EceRI or CD23 crosslinking induced the selective release of IL-10 by eosinophils. These cells would thus be able to polarize the immune response towards a type 2 profile. [Pg.77]

The presence of cannabinoid receptors in the immune system has led to consideration of the effects of cannabis on its function. Cannabinoid receptors have been found in spleen cells (Kaminski et al. 1992). Activation of these receptors would inhibit their function in the immune response. Similar suppressant effects occur on lymphocytes (Diaz et al. 1993). THC and anandamide inhibit macrophage-mediated tumor necrosis (Cabral et al. 1995). Despite these effects, their functional significance remains to be determined. These effects are most likely subtle. [Pg.438]

Immimological Effects—Functional changes in the immune response. [Pg.243]

Topical therapy is the initial drug treatment strategy for patients with mild to moderate psoriasis. It is estimated that approximately 70% to 80% of all patients with psoriasis can he treated adequately with use of topical therapy.1 Topical therapies include corticosteroids, coal tar products, anthralin, vitamin D3 analogues such as calcipotriol, retinoids such as tazarotene, and topical immunomodulators such as tacrolimus and pime-crolimus.18 Vitamin D3 analogues and topical retinoids all affect keratinocyte functions and the immune response. Currently, these are in wider use than is either anthralin or coal tar preparations. [Pg.953]

Programmed cell death plays an important role during lymphocyte development, by eliminating autoreactive cells, as well as in the effector phase of the immune response, when antigen induced cell death halt cell activation. Several groups have been studied the function of PTEN in the immune response. PTEN heterozygous (PTEN+/-) mutants develop a lethal polyclonal autoimmune disorder with features reminiscent of those observed in Fas-deficient mutants. Fas-mediated apoptosis was impaired in Pten+/-mice, and T lymphocytes from these mice show reduced activation-induced cell death and increased proliferation upon activation. PI3-K inhibitors restored Fas responsiveness in PTEN+/- cells. These results indicate that PTEN is an essential mediator of the Fas response and a repressor of autoimmunity, thus implicate the P13-Kinase/Akt pathway in Fas-mediated apoptosis (DiCristofano et al, 1999)... [Pg.325]

Babu S. Blauvelt CP. Kumaraswami V. Nutman TB Diminished T cell TLR expression and function modulates the immune response in human filarial infection. J Immunol 2006 176 3885-3889. [Pg.123]

Azathioprine is a prodrug of mercaptopurine and, like mercaptopurine, functions as an antimetabolite (see Chapter 54). Although its action is presumably mediated by conversion to mercaptopurine and further metabolites, it has been more widely used than mercaptopurine for immunosuppression in humans. These agents represent prototypes of the antimetabolite group of cytotoxic immunosuppressive drugs, and many other agents that kill proliferative cells appear to work at a similar level in the immune response. [Pg.1193]

NFATc, and as a result, the transport of NFATc to the nucleus is prevented and consequently its association with NFATn does not proceed (Fig. 4.1). The association of NFATc with NFATn is essential for the initiation of IL-2 production, which is achieved through binding of NFATc-NFATn to the promoter of the IL-2 gene. As a result, IL-2 production is inhibited, which is necessary for the optimal function of the immune response. Cyclosporine does not inhibit cytokine-induced transduction mechanisms and also has no effect on antigen recognition by T cells in the context of MHC molecules. [Pg.89]

Lymphocytes are one of the primary cell types involved in the immune response. There are two general types of lymphocytes, B and T. Both are derived from bone marrow lymphoid stem cells, but T cells go through an additional maturation process in the thymus. Although the morphology of T cells and B cells is similar, the functions of these two types are distinct. After antigen exposure, B cells develop into antibody-producing plasma cells, whereas T cells are divided into functional subtypes that possess distinct cell surface antigens. [Pg.390]

In addition to causing lymphoid organ weight changes, 2,3,7,8-TCDD has been shown to cause functional alterations in the immune response (Vecchi et al. 1980a). Studies have shown that suppressed... [Pg.310]

There is no life without cells and there are no cells without membranes. The cell membrane of animal cells is very important in that it protects the organelles and also keeps undesired particles from entering the cell body. Proteins span the membrane and touch both the inside and outside of the cell. Their function is to interact with molecules outside the cell which includes the ability to serve as protein receptors for hormones, to bind to other cells in wound healing and in the immune response, and to transport molecules into and out of the cell. What is outlined in these few sentences, however, is a very complex biological system which has been described only phenomenologically for a long time. [Pg.359]

When a diet is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, the inflammatory response and production of free radicals appear to be strengthened. Arachidonic acid is held responsible for this reaction, as it is used by lipoxygenases of the immune system cells to produce, via biochemical transformations, leukotrienes, compounds which function as mediators and perform an important function in the immune system (Szponar and Respondek 1998, Fimmel and Zouboulis 2005). [Pg.54]

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