Mucous gland

When exposure is repeated, the allergen binds between two adjacent IgE molecules. This causes release of inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, chemotactic factors). These act locally and cause smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, mucous gland secretion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and eosinophils). However, histamine can also be released by non-IgE-mediated mechanisms (e.g., due to exposure to certain fungi). 463... [Pg.310]

Schleim-bildung, /. slime (or mucilage or mucus) formation, -driise, /. mucous gland, gdrung, /. viscous fermentation. [Pg.390]

Brizzi, R., Delfino, G. and Pellegrini, R. (2002) Specialized mucous glands and their possible adaptive role in the males of some species of Rana (Amphibia, Anura). J. Morph. 254, 328-341. Chen, C. and Osuch, M. V. (1969) Biosynthesis of bufadienolides - 3Bhydroxycholonates as precursors in Bufo marinus bufadienolides synthesis. Biochem. Pharmacol. 18, 1797-1802. Chivers, D. P. and Smith, R. J. F. (1998) Chemical alarm signalling in aquatic predator-prey systems a review and prospectus. Ecosci. 5, 338-352. [Pg.416]

Enlarged mucous glands and an increased number of goblet cells produce an excessive amoimt of mucus... [Pg.173]

The nasopharynx begins with the anterior nares and extends down to the larynx. The nasal passages are lined with vascular mucous epithelium composed of ciliated epithelium and scattered mucous glands. The nasopharynx filters out large inhaled particles and is where the relative humidity is increased and the temperature of the air is moderated. [Pg.5]

Ipratropium Atrovent HFA, Atrovent Nasal) [Bronchodilotor/ Anticholinergic] Uses Bronchospasm w/ COPD, rhinitis, rhinorrhea Action Synthetic anticholinergic similar to atropine antagonizes acetylcholine receptors, inhibits mucous gland secretions Dose Adults Feds >12 y. Nebuliza-tion 500 meg in 2.5-3.0 mL NS Feds. Nebulization 125-250 meg in 2.5-3.0 mL NS Caution [B, +/-] w/ inhal insulin Contra Allergy to soya lecithin/related foods Disp HFAmet-dose inhal 18 meg/dose inhal soln 0.02% nasal spray 0.03,... [Pg.20]

The airway effects of released acetylcholine are mediated via activation of three distinct muscarinic receptor subtypes Mj, in parasympathetic ganglia, mucous glands and alveolar walls autoinhibitory M2, in parasympathetic nerve terminals and M3, in airway smooth muscle, mucus glands, and airway epithelium. [Pg.464]

Rhinitis. Inflammation of nasal mucosa. Salivary. Pertaining to the clear, alkaline, somewhat viscid secretion from the parotid, submaxillary, sublingual, and smaller mucous glands of the mouth. [Pg.574]

The nasopharyngeal canal is lined by ciliated epithelium through which mucous glands are scattered. The role of this region is to remove large inhaled particles and to increase the humidity and temperature of inhaled air. [Pg.122]

Figure 17 Three-dimensional structures of vertebrate antimicrobial peptides, (a) pardaxin from fish mucous glands (PDB code 1XC0) (b) cryptdin-4 from mouse Paneth cells (PDB code 2GW9) (c) retrocyclin-2, a synthetic peptide based on a human genome sequence (PDB code 2ATG) (an overlay of the 20 lowest energy structures is given to highlight the structural disorder associated with this laddered arrangment of the three disulphide bonds) and (d) fowlicidin-1 from chickens (PDB code 2AMN).

Q8 The two major types of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is not possible to determine which of these two conditions is responsible for the problems of this patient from the information given, but they often coexist. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by recurrent chest infections with a productive cough and sputum production for at least three months in two or more consecutive years. In chronic bronchitis there is hypertrophy of the mucous glands in the airways and production of a thick, tenacious mucus that is difficult to remove from the lung and which easily becomes infected. The incidence of bronchitis is increased in smokers. [Pg.211]

The blue dye indigo, derived from the plant Indigofera tinctoria, has been used in India for thousands of years. Traders introduced it to the Mediterranean area and then to Europe. Tyrian purple, a natural dark purple dye obtained from the mucous gland of a Mediterranean snail of the genus Murex, was a symbol of royalty before the collapse of the Roman empire. Alizarin, a bright red dye obtained from madder root Rubia tinctorum), a plant native to India and northeastern Asia, has been found in cloth entombed with Egyptian mummies. [Pg.988]

HLE demonstrates a vast array of biologic activities besides the degradation of elastin. A partial, and by no means inclusive, list of some of these activities includes degradation of fibronectin [11], laminin [12], collagen and proteoglycans [13], and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA and secretory IgA) [14] the activation and hydrolysis of complement components and neutrophil complement receptors [15] stimulation of mucus secretion and induction of mucous gland hypertrophy [16] and decreases in ciliary beat frequency and mucociliary clearance [17]. [Pg.60]

VIP-immunoreactive fibers are found within the smooth muscle and in association with vessels and mucous glands (Dey et al., 1981 Ghatei et al., 1982 Laitinen et al., 1985 Springall et al., 1988). In some mammalian species, VIP has been localized to nerves running beneath the epithelium, though these subepithelial fibers appear to be of sensory origin (Barnes etal., 1991). The presence of VIP in the airways has been confirmed by measurements of the VIP content of extracts of airway tissue (Ghatei et al., 1982, 1983). [Pg.133]

Likely diagnosis Cystic fibrosis, which is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in defective chloride ion channels of exocrine glands and epithelial tissues of the pancreas, sweat glands, and mucous glands in the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts. [Pg.76]

The rat, but not the hamster, mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, has mucous glands as does man. Lamb and Reid used the rat to produce experimental bronchitis from inhalation of sulfur dioxide and cigarette smoke questionable if other... [Pg.26]

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