Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs and

The concept of using anionic nanosized emulsion vehicles for enhanced percutaneous absorption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and diazepam was clearly proven [189, 190], NSAIDs and diazepam in a nanosized emulsion vehicle also demonstrated noticeable systemic activity. The o/w emulsion was tested for primary irritation in humans in a 48-h trial. Low irritancy and excellent human acceptance were observed, subsequently making the further development of a nanosized emulsion vehicle very attractive. [Pg.1354]

Drug interactions with lithium have been reviewed (569-573) another review focused on interactions in the elderly (573). A review of drug interactions with lithium considered both pharmacokinetic interactions [for example diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)] and pharmacodynamic interactions (for example antipsychotic drugs, SSRIs) and summarized the most important ones in tabular form (569). [Pg.156]

Perhaps the best-known affinity labeling reagent is aspirin (73)(Fig. 17.31), a member of the class of drugs known as the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), and whose activity was initially reported to result from its inhibition of prostaglandin bios3mthe-sis (182,183). Prostaglandins are involved in the inflammatory response and can cause headache and vascular pain in humans. [Pg.762]

Ibuprofen is not recommended for use in animals. Dogs appear to be exquisitely sensitive to the propionic acid group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and easily develop gastric ulcers and renal failure. Seizures have been reported in both dogs and cats after ingestion of ibuprofen. [Pg.1377]

All compounds of the test dataset are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and are thus relatively similar in terms of their pharmacological properties (Fig. 18). The compounds are 1, acetylsalicylic acid 2, diclofenac 3, flufe-namic acid 4, flubiprofen 5, ibuprofen 6, indometacin 7, ketoprofen 8, meclofe-namic acid 9, mefenamic acid 10, naproxen 11, piroxicam 12, sulindac sulfide (active metabolite of sulindac) 13, tenoxicam 14, meloxicam 15, cgp 28238 16, DuP-697 17, L-745-337 18, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (active metabolite of nabumeton) 19, NS-389 20, SC 58125. [Pg.599]

TABLE 33—3. Selected Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors... [Pg.631]

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or corticosteroids should be considered adjunctive therapy early in the course of treatment and as needed if symptoms are not adequately controlled with DMARDs. [Pg.1671]

PG synthesis can be inhibited by both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-inflammatory steroids. Both PGHS isozymes are pharmacological targets of common NSAIDs (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen). However, only PG synthesis mediated by PGHS-2 is inhibited by anti-inflammatory steroids, which block the synthesis of PGHS-2, at least in part, at the level of transcription [1]. [Pg.339]

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) and Colorectal Cancer... [Pg.155]

Ketoprofen, or 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propionic acid, is a kind of 2-arylpropionic acid that represents an important group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and is widely used to relieve inflammation and pain resulting from arthritis, sunburn, menstrual pain, or fever. Previous studies have shown that its anti-inflammatory activity lies mainly in its (S)-enantiomer, while its (i )-enantiomer is a potentially highly potent analgesic treatment for neuropathie pain. Therefore, it is very valuable to obtain optically pure (S)- or (R)-ketoprofen. [Pg.29]

Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is the active ingredient in both the gel and patch formulations described in this chapter. Diclofenac inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), an early component of the arachidonic acid cascade, resulting in reduced formation of prostaglandins, thromboxane, and prostacyclin. It is not completely understood how reduced synthesis of these compounds results in therapeutic efficacy. The chief therapeutic effects of diclofenac are anti-inflammatory activity, anti-nociception and antipyresis. When applied topically (via gel or patch), diclofenac is absorbed into the epidermis. However, the amount of topical diclofenac absorbed and the ultimate systemic exposure is substantially less than that seen after oral administration of the compound. [Pg.226]

As an example, let us have a look at some derivatives of propionic acid, such as ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and naproxen, that are commonly used as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and, hence, frequently subjected to chromatographic studies. These compounds, the formulas of which are shown in Figure 2.4, have one asymmetrical carbon atom in the molecule. It has been known that only 5-isomers of all three compounds have therapeutic utility, whereas from among I -enantiomers only ketoprofen of such conflguration finds specific application [10], It is not, however, the same as application as that of the 5-enantiomer. [Pg.15]

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