Novel processes

In contrast to trace impurity removal, the use of adsorption for bulk separation in the liquid phase on a commercial scale is a relatively recent development. The first commercial operation occurred in 1964 with the advent of the UOP Molex process for recovery of high purity / -paraffins (6—8). Since that time, bulk adsorptive separation of liquids has been used to solve a broad range of problems, including individual isomer separations and class separations. The commercial availability of synthetic molecular sieves and ion-exchange resins and the development of novel process concepts have been the two significant factors in the success of these processes. This article is devoted mainly to the theory and operation of these Hquid-phase bulk adsorptive separation processes. [Pg.291]

Tetrafluoropyrimidine was converted to the antiaeoplastic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by a novel process based on the sequence partial exchange chlorination (61% yield), selective hydrogenolysis ia triethylamine (71% yield) and hydrolysis (85—93% yield) (464). [Pg.340]

In the United States, novel food ingredients or food ingredients produced by novel processes must be cleared by the FDA. In the case of meat and poultry, novel ingredients must also be cleared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). [Pg.472]

W. E. Eong and M. E. Quiatana, HyTex—v4 Novel Process for Hydrogen Production, NPRA 89th Annual Meetiag, Match 17—19,1991, San Antonio, Tex. [Pg.434]

Gas AntisolventRecrystallizations. A limitation to the RESS process can be the low solubihty in the supercritical fluid. This is especially evident in polymer—supercritical fluid systems. In a novel process, sometimes termed gas antisolvent (GAS), a compressed fluid such as CO2 can be rapidly added to a solution of a crystalline soHd dissolved in an organic solvent (114). Carbon dioxide and most organic solvents exhibit full miscibility, whereas in this case the soHd solutes had limited solubihty in CO2. Thus, CO2 acts as an antisolvent to precipitate soHd crystals. Using C02 s adjustable solvent strength, the particle size and size distribution of final crystals may be finely controlled. Examples of GAS studies include the formation of monodisperse particles (<1 fiva) of a difficult-to-comminute explosive (114) recrystallization of -carotene and acetaminophen (86) salt nucleation and growth in supercritical water (115) and a study of the molecular thermodynamics of the GAS crystallization process (21). [Pg.228]

At the same time, however, considerable research was being done, especially in Germany, on a novel process called emulsion polymerization, in which the monomer was polymerized as an emulsion in the presence of water and soap. This seemed advantageous since the product appeared as a latex, just like natural mbber, leading to low viscosity even at high soHds content, while the presence of the water assured better temperature control. The final result, based mainly on work at the LG. Farbenindustrie (IGF) (10), was the development of a butadiene—styrene copolymer prepared by emulsion polymerization, the foremnner of the present-day leading synthetic mbber, SBR. [Pg.467]

This type of amination by an oxaziridine is assumed to be the key step of a novel process for hydrazine manufacture, in the course of which butanone in solution with ammonia is reacted with hydrogen peroxide and acetonitrile. The smooth formation of oxaziridines from Schiff bases and hydrogen peroxide-nitrile mixtures is as well known as NH transfer from an oxaziridine like (300), suggesting the intermediacy of (300) as the N—N forming agent (72TL633). [Pg.235]

Performance problems may be exacerbated during unfamiliar or novel process events, for example, situations not covered in the emergency procedures or in refresher training. These events require knowledge-based information processing for which people are not very reliable. The types of errors associated with knowledge-based performance have been discussed in Chapter 2. [Pg.109]

The intensive increase in capacitor production has initiated the development of novel processes for the production of tantalum and niobium capacitor-grade powders, and the successful development of a new method, based on the reduction of tantalum or niobium oxide using magnesium vapors, was recently announced [38]. [Pg.8]

Faber et al. have reported a novel process for the overall deracemization of racemic mandelic acid derivatives using a combination of an enantioselective lipase and a mandelate racemase activity from Lactobacillus paracasei (Figure 5.19) [32]. [Pg.125]

A novel process to produce chlorine-free fuel gas and char from waste PVC and waste glass... [Pg.397]

Authors have proposed a novel process not to dispose to landfill sites both waste PVC and waste glass but to utilize them to produce fuel and neutralize each other at the same moment. It has been successfully demonstrated that hydrogen chloride produced during flash pyrolysis of PVC was completely neutralized by the fixed glass bed and thus chlorine-lree fuel was produced [1-2]. To carry forward our proposed process we need to know the kinetics of the neutralization process. Also we have to solve the problem of formation of metal chlorides in the product char during pyrolysis of PVC, which is a critical issue for its thermal utilization. Consequently, in the present study the evaluations of neutralization kinetics of glass cullets and the decomposition of CaCl2 in char by steam were conducted. [Pg.397]

We have been studying the novel process for CO2 separation named membrane/absorption hybrid method. The advantages of this process are that high gas permeance and selectivity were obtained. The concept of this process is shown in Fig. 1. Both feed gas and absorbent solution are supplied to the inside of hollow fibers. While Ae liquid flows upward inside the hollow fibers, absorbent solution absorbs CO2 selectively and it becomes a rich solution. Most of rich solution permeates the membrane to the permeate side maintained at reduced pressure, where it liberated CO2 to become a lean solution. Compared to a conventional gas absorption... [Pg.409]

The BiodeNOx process is a novel process concept to reduce NO emissions from flue gases of stationary sources like power plants and other industrial activities [1]. The concept combines a wet chemicd absorption process with a novel biotechnological regeneration method. In the wet chemical absorption step, flue gas components are absorbed into an aqueous solution of Fe"(EDTA) (EDTA= ethylme-diamino-tetraacetic acid). The following reactions take place ... [Pg.793]

Kammerer, D. et al., A novel process for the recovery of polyphenols from grape Vitis vinifera L.) pomace, J. Food Sci., 70, 157, 2005. [Pg.324]

Lovley DR, EJP Phillips (1994) Novel processes for anaerobic sulfate production from elemental sulfur by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 2394-2399. [Pg.159]

Safety risk of incidents miniature plants novel process routes industrial and academic examples of use HTE standardization LEGO-type plants [207]. [Pg.85]

If the aim of development is not a novel process but a process improvement, the type of catalyst to be used might be obvious. [Pg.93]

It is doubtful if any design is entirely novel. The antecedence of most designs can usually be easily traced. The first motor cars were clearly horse-drawn carriages without the horse and the development of the design of the modern car can be traced step by step from these early prototypes. In the chemical industry, modem distillation processes have developed from the ancient stills used for rectification of spirits and the packed columns used for gas absorption have developed from primitive, brushwood-packed towers. So, it is not often that a process designer is faced with the task of producing a design for a completely novel process or piece of equipment. [Pg.4]

Recently, a novel process for the preparation of chromia promoted skeletal copper catalysts was reported by Ma and Wainwright (8), in which Al was selectively leached from CuA12 alloy particles using 6.1 M NaOH solutions containing different concentrations of sodium chromate. The catalysts had very high surface areas and were very stable in highly concentrated NaOH solutions at temperatures up to 400 K (8, 9). They thus have potential for use in the liquid phase dehydrogenation of aminoalcohols to aminocarboxylic acid salts. [Pg.27]

Nevertheless, there are several hurdles to overcome. Biotransformation has to compete with a chemical production process. The production of bio-based bulk chemicals and intermediates from white biotechnology must be economically viabile [67]. This means that the biotechnological product must be cheaper to produce or of higher quality than products based on classical chemical routes. And, incidentally, switching to a novel process takes time and money. Therefore, process solutions are required which are adapted to the special needs of biocatalyzed reactions. Within this chapter, several specific tasks have been addressed, illustrating universal possibilities to overcome the limitations found in bioprocesses. [Pg.98]

Tsuchiyama, Y., Yamamoto, K.-I.,Asou,T.e/al. (1991) A novel process of cyclodextrinproduction by useof specific adsorbents. Part I. Screening of specific adsorbents. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 71, 407—112. [Pg.102]

Finally, a novel process has been described for efficient photoconversion of low-grade organic materials such as waste biomass into polyesters. In this process, dry biomass has been thermally gasified which resulted in gas mixtures composed primarily of CO and H2. Photosynthetic bacteria photoassimilated components of the synthesized gas into new cell mass. Under unbalanced culture conditions, when growth was limited by several nutrients, up to 28 % of the new biomass was found to be poly(3HB) [37]. [Pg.162]

The Coleman synthesis commenced with a [4+2] cyclization to achieve naphthalene 30 (Scheme 7.4). This convergent process required four steps to obtain diene 27 and five steps to attain dieneophile 28. Three further functional group transformations were required to complete aldehyde 31. This novel process realized the installation of all the carbon and oxygen substituents in a regioselective manner. [Pg.163]

The second method leads to the formation 3-alkyl- and 3-arylindoles from the reaction of indole with aldehydes in the presence of alkali metal tetra-carbonylhydridoferrate (Scheme 40).67 It is possible that this novel process may occur via reduction of intermediate 3-alkylidene- or 3-arylidene indolenines. [Pg.339]

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