Of measurements and results

Narcisi, R. S. Ion and neutral composition measurements in the lower ionosphere. In Methods of measurement and results of lower ionospheric structure. Rawer, K. (ed.), pp. 207-218. Berlin Akademie-Verlag 1974... [Pg.40]

Results and Discussion The conditions of measuring and results of determining the enthalpy of dehydration of kaolinite, muscovite, and talc are given in Tables 16.29-16.31, and the averaged enthalpies and molar enthalpies in various decomposition modes, in Table 16.32. These data allow the following conclusions. [Pg.188]

The results of measurements and comparisons of the different magnetic field are presented and discussed. Further development will be shown, that this theory can be applied to solve inverse eddy-current problems as well. [Pg.365]

The 3D inspection system has a number of measuring and report utilities that enables the user to easily find, analyse and report possible indications in the test object. As an example, a moveable 2D projection view plane can be moved along e.g, the welding geometry dynamically updating the content of the 2D projection view window. Indications can be measured using any referenee co-ordinate system and the results and screen dumps can automatically be dumped in report files suited for later import into a word processing application. [Pg.872]

Developing a meaningful method for reporting an experiment s result requires the ability to predict the true central value and true spread of the population under investigation from a limited sampling of that population. In this section we will take a quantitative look at how individual measurements and results are distributed around a central value. [Pg.70]

Bell-shaped probability distribution curve for measurements and results showing the effect of random error. [Pg.73]

Gryning, S. E., and Lyck, E., "Comparison between Dispersion Calculation Methods Based on In-Situ Meteorological Measurements and Results from Elevated- Source Tracer Experiments in an Urban Area." National Agency of Environmental Protection, Air Pollution Laboratory, MST Luft - A40. Riso National Laboratory, Denmark, 1980. [Pg.318]

The objective of a proper sampling program is to take a sufficient number of samples to obtain a representative estimate of exposure. Contaminant concentrations vary seasonally, with weather, with production levels, and in a single location or job class. The number of samples taken depends on the error of measurement and differences in results. It is important also that if the employer has conducted air sampling and monitoring in the past, a thorough review of the records should be made. [Pg.240]

Error of measurement This is the discrepancy between the result of measurement and the true value of the quantity. [Pg.1124]

The standard requires appropriate statistical studies to be conducted to anal /ze the variation present in the results of each type of measuring and test equipment system. [Pg.408]

Once such effects had been noted, it became necessary to interpret the observed results and to classify the solvents. The earliest attempts at this were by Stobbe, who reviewed the effects of solvents on keto-enol tautomers [4]. Since then many attempts have been used to explain solvent effects, some based on observations of chemical reactions, others on physical properties of the solvents, and yet others on spectroscopic probes. All of these have their advantages and disadvantages and no one approach can be thought of as exclusively right . This review is organized by type of measurement, and the available information is then summarized at the end. [Pg.94]

Author s comment] Because a general rendition of the Scientific Method cannot be cast in legally watertight wording, all possible outcomes of a series of measurements and pursuant actions must be in writing before the experiments are started. This includes but is not limited to the number of additional samples and measurements, and prescriptions on how to calculate and present final results. Off-the-cuff interpretations and decisions after the fact are viewed with suspicion. [Pg.277]

Several statistical, quality management, and optimization data analysis tools, aimed at exploring records of measurements and uncover useful information from them, have been available for some time. However, all of them require from the user a signifieant number of assumptions and a priori decisions, which determine in a very strict manner the validity of the final results obtained. Furthermore, these classical tools are guided... [Pg.100]

Quality of analytical equipment specificity, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of measuring and analyzing equipment determine the reliability of test results. [Pg.556]

There appears to be concentration of rhodium in the surface of the iridium-rhodium clusters, on the basis that the total number of nearest neighbor atoms about rhodium atoms was found to be smaller than the nunber about iridium atoms in both catalysts investigated. This conclusion agrees with that of other workers (35) based on different types of measurements. The results on the average compositions of the first coordination shells of atoms about iridium and rhodium atoms in either catalyst Indicate that rhodium atoms are also incorporated extensively in the interiors of the clusters. In this respect the iridium-rhodium system differs markedly from a system such as ruthenium-copper (8), in which the copper appears to be present exclusively at the surface. [Pg.264]

The precision stated in Table 10 is given by the standard deviations obtained from a statistical analysis of the experimental data of one run and of a number of runs. These parameters give an indication of the internal consistency of the data of one run of measurements and of the reproducibility between runs. The systematic error is far more difficult to discern and to evaluate, which causes an uncertainty in the resulting values. Such an estimate of systematic errors or uncertainties can be obtained if the measuring method can also be applied under circumstances where a more exact or a true value of the property to be determined is known from other sources. [Pg.157]

Another major change was the shift from extensive use of field laboratory exploration techniques to the laboratory techniques hke ICP-AES and INAA. These produce a higher quality data than had resulted from the dc arc and other field techniques, with respect to both repeatability of measurement and improved detection limits. The metrology laboratory certifications for As and Hg in soils and sediments as key environmental toxins provided strong support to mineral exploration programs. [Pg.226]

Random deviations (errors) of repeated measurements manifest themselves as a distribution of the results around the mean of the sample where the variation is randomly distributed to higher and lower values. The expected mean of all the deviations within a measuring series is zero. Random deviations characterize the reliability of measurements and therefore their precision. They are estimated from the results of replicates. If relevant, it is distinguished in repeatability and reproducibility (see Sect. 7.1)... [Pg.91]

In the paper from V. Matveyev of the Ukrainian State University of Chemical Engineering, an examination of the role of conductive carbon additives in a composite porous electrode is conducted. A model for calculation of the local electrochemical characteristics of an electrode is presented. A comparison on the polarization of the electrode as a function of the redox state of the electroactive species is emphasized in the model. The electrochemical reaction of chloranil (tetrachlorobenzoquinone) was measured and results compare favorably to calculations derived from the model. [Pg.451]

The Student s (W.S. Gossett) /-lest is useful for comparisons of the means and standard deviations of different analytical test methods. Descriptions of the theory and use of this statistic are readily available in standard statistical texts including those in the references [1-6]. Use of this test will indicate whether the differences between a set of measurement and the true (known) value for those measurements is statistically meaningful. For Table 36-1 a comparison of METHOD B test results for each of the locations is compared to the known spiked analyte value for each sample. This statistical test indicates that METHOD B results are lower than the known analyte values for Sample No. 5 (Lab 1 and Lab 2), and Sample No. 6 (Lab 1). METHOD B reported value is higher for Sample No. 6 (Lab 2). Average results for this test indicate that METHOD B may result in analytical values trending lower than actual values. [Pg.183]

The viral load test quantifies viremia by measuring the amount of viral RNA. There are several methods used for determining the amount of HIV RNA reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction, branched DNA, and nucleic acid sequence-based assay. Each assay has its own lower limit of sensitivity, and results can vary from one assay method to the other therefore, it is recommended that the same assay method be used consistently within patients. [Pg.450]

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