Industrial chemicals, Organic

The main commercial source of methane, ethane, and propane is natural gas, which is found ia many areas of the world ia porous reservoirs they are associated either with cmde oil (associated gas) or ia gas reservoirs ia which no oil is present (nonassociated gas). These gases are basic raw materials for the organic chemical industry as well as sources of energy. The composition of natural gas varies widely but the principal hydrocarbon usually is methane (see Gas, natural). Compositions of typical natural gases are Hsted ia Table 2. [Pg.398]

Acetic Acid. Methanol carbonylation has become the process of choice for production of this staple of the organic chemical industry, which is used in the manufacture of acetate fibers, acetic anhydride [108-24-7] and terephthaUc acid, and for fermentation (see Acetic acid and derivatives). [Pg.282]

Osaka Organic Chemical Industry (Japan) Pechiney (France)... [Pg.58]

Asalii Organic Chemicals Industry Co. Ltd., 182 Asalii-Pemi Chemical Co. Ltd. (APC), 181, 182 Asarco (US), 193 Asarco, 218 Asbestos, 20... [Pg.322]

Such solutions are extensively used in aromatic nitration reactions in the heavy organic chemicals industry. See also pp. 457-8. [Pg.467]

In the organic chemicals industry, H2O2 is used in the production of epoxides, propylene oxide, and caprolactones for PVC stabilizers and polyurethanes, in the manufacture of organic peroxy compounds for use as polymerization initiators and curing agents, and in the synthesis of fine chemicals such as hydroquinone, pharmaceuticals (e.g. cephalosporin) and food products (e.g. tartaric acid). [Pg.634]

By-product HCl from the heavy organic-chemicals industry (p, 798) now accounts for over 90% of the HCl produced in the USA, Where such petrochemical industries are less extensive this source of HCl becomes correspondingly smaller. The crude HCl so produced may be contaminated with unreacted CI2, organics, chloro-organics or entrained solids (catalyst supports, etc,), all of which must be removed. [Pg.811]

At present most bioprocesses in the organic chemical industry are actually mixed chemical/biochemical processes. In such processes, chemically synthesised educts (chemical precursors) are biotransformed and then re-enter chemical synthesis. The main reason for this approach is that, in general, higher volumetric productivities can be achieved with chemical catalysts. [Pg.23]

All of the above high-volume organic chemicals are obtained from petroleum or natural gas. This is why the modern organic chemical industry is frequently referred to as the petrochemical industry. The high-volume status of some of these compounds is due to their use to make others lower on the list. For example, ethylene is used to make ethylene dichloride, which, in turn, is used to make vinyl chloride. Ethyl benzene, made from benzene and ethylene, is used to make styrene. Methyl r-butyl ether is made from methanol and butylene, a captive intermediate for which production data is not available. [Pg.119]

Perkin s Mauve Ancestor of the Organic Chemical Industry. Technology... [Pg.206]

Petrochemical recovered oil. Organic chemical manufacturing facilities sometimes recover oil from their organic chemical industry operations. U.S. EPA excluded petrochemical recovered oil from the definition of solid waste when the facility inserts the material into the petroleum-refining process of an associated or adjacent petroleum refinery. Only petrochemical recovered oil that is hazardous because it exhibits the characteristic of ignitability or exhibits the toxicity characteristic for benzene (or both) is eligible for the exclusion. [Pg.494]

The organic chemical industry, the food processing industry, the pulp and paper industry, the textile industry, and the petroleum industry are important industries that produce organic process wastes. Unlike inorganic process wastes, they contain dissolved and insoluble matter in the main wastewater stream thus, they are more difficult to handle for disposal. They have its characteristic biological problems and spontaneous interaction with the surrounding environment, particularly, under high solar radiation. [Pg.914]

Cost Analysis of Wuter Pollution Control An Annotated Bibliography, R5-73-017, Apr. 1973. Projected Wustewuter Treatment Costs in the Organic Chemical Industry, 12020 GND 07/71, July 1971. [Pg.276]

Projected Wastewater Treatment Costs in the Organic Chemical Industry, 12020 GND 07/71, July 1971. [Pg.456]

Hexachloroethane is an industrial chemical which is not known to occur naturally. It is not produced for commercial distribution in the United States, but is imported for use in military smoke and pyrotechnic devices and as an intermediate in the organic chemicals industry. It is released to the environment from these uses, primarily to the atmosphere. [Pg.122]

The major sources of hexachloroethane releases to air are from its production and use in the organic chemical industry. As shown in Table 5-1, an estimated total of 49,716 pounds of hexachloroethane, amounting to about 97% of the total industrial environmental release, was discharged to the air from manufacturing and processing facilities in the United States in 1993 (TRI93 1995). The TRI data should be used with caution since only certain types of facilities are required to report. This is not an exhaustive list. [Pg.124]

International organizations, 15 756-757 role in pesticide regulation, 18 540-541 International organic chemical industry economic patterns, 24 263-265 International Organisation for... [Pg.483]

Organic chemical facilities, 24 261 Organic chemical industry economic patterns, U.S. and international,... [Pg.651]

Synthetic nerolidol, 24 547 Synthetic oligonucleotides, 17 621 Synthetic organic chemicals industry, 24 253-254... [Pg.917]

Osaka Organic Chemical will embark on volume production of a low-toxicity acrylic ester monomer with extremely low skin irritation, it is briefly reported. Principal applications are as a diluent monomer for UV and EB coating materials and inks, and as a modifier in unsaturated polyester resins, acrylic resins and PVC. OSAKA ORGANIC CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES CO.LTD. [Pg.67]

There are numerous sources that release cyanide into water. Cyanide is released into water from both point and nonpoint sources. The major point sources of cyanide released to water are discharges from publicly owned treatment works (POTWs), iron and steel production, and organic chemical industries (Fiksel et al. 1981). Estimates based on data from the mid-to-late 1970s indicate that these sources account for 89% of the estimated 31 million pounds of total cyanide discharged annually to surface... [Pg.154]

The Committee continued to function after the publication of the report, but held no meetings nor took any significant action for the next few years. The published report appears to have stimulated interest and commendation, but no funds were forthcoming to establish a research institute (78, 79). In the meantime, Herty had given up his position with the American Chemical Society in 1921 to become President of the newly-created Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association. In this position, he could continue to work to promote the development of the synthetic organic chemical industry in this country (12, 13). [Pg.108]

In the late nineteenth century and up to World War II coal was the major starting material for the organic chemical industry. When coal is heated in the absence of oxygen, coke and volatile by-products called coal tars are created. All sorts of organic chemicals can be isolated from coal tar - benzene, toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, creosotes, and many others (including Hofmann and Perkin s aniline). The organic chemical industry also draws upon other natural products, such as animal fats and vegetable oils, and wood by-products. [Pg.19]

The move to petroleum as a raw materials source for the organic chemical industry began during the 1940s. Petrochemicals, as they are called, are now used to create thousands of useful industrial chemicals. The rate of commercial introduction of new chemicals shot up rapidly after World War II. [Pg.19]

Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...