Other biological materials

It is evident that the area of water-soluble polymer covets a multitude of appHcations and encompasses a broad spectmm of compositions. Proteins (qv) and other biological materials ate coveted elsewhere in the Eniyclopedia. One of the products of this type, poly(aspartic acid), may be developed into interesting biodegradable commercial appHcations (70,71). [Pg.322]

Shells, clams, wood fragments, and other biological materials can also produce concentration cell corrosion. Additionally, fragments can lodge in heat exchanger inlets, locally increasing turbulence and erosion-corrosion. If deposits are massive, turbulence, air separation, and associated erosion-corrosion can occur downstream (see Case History 11.5). [Pg.126]

Organisms or other biological materials that might be harmful to humans bacteria, fungi, blood, unpreserved tissues, plant materials Avoid skin contact with these materials. Wear mask or gloves. Notify your teacher if you suspect contact with material. Wash hands thoroughly. [Pg.223]

The chemical and physical stability of a solid drug decreases with decreasing crystallinity and increasing amorphous character, corresponding to an increase in molecular mobility (i.e., diffusivity) in the solid state. This phenomenon is of particular significance to proteins, peptides, and other biological materials. Certain additives other than water may stabilize proteins in the solid state, perhaps by locking in the defects. [Pg.617]

Similarly to the above-mentioned entrapment of proteins by biomimetic routes, the sol-gel procedure is a useful method for the encapsulation of enzymes and other biological material due to the mild conditions required for the preparation of the silica networks [54,55]. The confinement of the enzyme in the pores of the silica matrix preserves its catalytic activity, since it prevents irreversible structural deformations in the biomolecule. The silica matrix may exert a protective effect against enzyme denaturation even under harsh conditions, as recently reported by Frenkel-Mullerad and Avnir [56] for physically trapped phosphatase enzymes within silica matrices (Figure 1.3). A wide number of organoalkoxy- and alkoxy-silanes have been employed for this purpose, as extensively reviewed by Gill and Ballesteros [57], and the resulting materials have been applied in the construction of optical and electrochemical biosensor devices. Optimization of the sol-gel process is required to prevent denaturation of encapsulated enzymes. Alcohol released during the... [Pg.6]

Table 5. Atomic absorption determination of metals in other biological materials...

Theoretically, any number of solutes can be separated in this manner and the method has been applied, for example, to the separation of fatty acids, amino acids, polypeptides and other biological materials with distribution... [Pg.67]

Other biological materials from the animals or plants that are potential contaminants for humans may be present, requiring stringent steps for their removal. Third, transgenic animals or plants have to be separated from natural animals and plants to prevent cross-contamination. Fourth, both the animals and plants have to be kept under close surveillance to ensure they are free of diseases. [Pg.378]

Analytical methods and detection limits for nickel in biological materials are reported in Table 6-1. The presence of nickel in other biological materials such as hair and nails can be determined by the same analytical techniques used for blood and tissue after suitable procedures for dissolving the sample have been utilized (Stoeppler 1980 Takagi et al. 1986, 1988). [Pg.208]

P. Venkateswarlu, Determination of total fluorine in serum and other biological materials by oxygen bomb and reverse extraction techniques. Anal. Biochem. 68 (1975) 512-521. [Pg.547]

The methods described are useful for assaying both purified proteinases, as well as for measurement of specific proteinase activities in raw aqueous extracts of different food or other biological materials. However, as these assays use spectroscopic detection techniques, it is highly important that such extracts be fully clarified before measurement. [Pg.353]

JF Gregory, R Engelhardt, SD Bhandari, DB Sartain, SK Gustafson. Adequacy of extraction techniques for determination of folate in foods and other biological materials. J Food Comp Anal 3 134— 144, 1990. [Pg.474]

III. Chemistry and Dietary Sources of Lycopene IY. Analytical Methods of Measuring Lycopene in Food and Other Biological Materials... [Pg.99]

IV. ANALYTICAL METHODS OF MEASURING LYCOPENE IN FOOD AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS... [Pg.106]

Absorption bands in the typical C—H stretching region at 3000-2870 cm-1 usually showing two maxima at 2925 and 2855 cm-1 related to CH2 and CH3 aliphatic groups. These bands are well defined in the spectra obtained from microbial biomass of soils and there can be assigned to cell wall and capsular polysaccharides (Filip, 1978) 27). But they are also common in spectra of other biological materials. [Pg.11]

Another area in which smart hydrogels are likely to find application is the development of more efficient drug delivery systems. One material that has showed promise in this held is called Pluronic-PAA. Its trade name is Smart Hydrogel . The material is a mixture of two polymers, one of which is poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), which attaches readily to other biological materials and is responsive to changes in pH. The other polymer is a copolymer of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). This copolymer belongs to a family of polymers known by the trade name of Pluronic polymers. [Pg.146]

Another format to test for newly expressed proteins is provided through different ELISA assays. Typically, one antibody is coated on a microtiter plate and serves as a capture antibody while a second antibody (added later in the process) is labeled with a reporter molecule allowing the read-out with optical devices. These ELISAs can be operated in a quantitative manner, but need to be calibrated. The measurement unit can be traced back to the amount of protein present in the calibrator, independent of whether the calibrator consists of purified proteins or other biological materials (e.g., seeds, leaves). The amount of proteins within a plant-derived matrix (leaves, seeds, grains), however, depends on several factors, including environmental conditions and can thus not directly be related to thresholds expressed in weight-%. [Pg.136]

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