Otitis media

Antibiotics pneumoniae Negative Positive Negative Posit [Pg.527]

Furazolidone Metronidazole Minocycline Paromomycin Polymyxin B Salicylates and NSAIDs Loop diuretics Antitumor agents Miscellaneous Morphine Penicillamine Pentazocine Propranolol Propoxyphene [Pg.528]

The primary symptoms of drug-induced ototoxicity are the occasional to frequent cochlear signs of tinnitus and, in most cases, reversible hearing loss and the vestibular signs of light-headedness, nystagmus, ataxia, and vertigo. [Pg.528]

The osmotic dinretics and related agents consist of mannitol (Osmitrol), nrea (Ureaphil), glycerin (glycerol, Osmoglyn), and isosorbide (Hydronol). Mannitol and urea are nonelectrolytes, which are freely filterable, and undergo very little or no metabolism or renal tubular resorption. [Pg.528]

In neurosurgery, to reduce the pressure and volume of cerebrospinal fluid and hence decrease the intracranial pressure [Pg.528]

Picornavimses are small, nonenveloped RNA vimses. Members of this family include rhino- and enteroviruses, which are responsible for a variety of human diseases (viral respiratory infection, viral meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, encephalitis, chronic meningoencephalitis, herpangina, otitis media, neonatal enteroviral disease, and acute exacerbations of asthma). [Pg.979]

UTIs caused by susceptible micro organisms UTIs caused by susceptible micro organisms, shigellosis and acute otitis media... [Pg.459]

Although viral infections are important causes of both otitis media and sinusitis, they are generally self-limiting. Bacterial infections m complicate viral illnesses, and are also primary causes of ear and sinus infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are the commonest bacterial pathogens. Amoxycillin is widely prescribed for these infections since it is microbiologically active, penetrates the middle ear, and sinuses, is well tolerated and has proved effective. [Pg.137]

Assess the patient s symptoms to determine if selftreatment is appropriate or evaluation by a physician is necessary. Determine type of symptoms, frequency (seasonal or chronic), and precipitating triggers. Does the patient have any AR-related complications (e.g., nasal polyposis, sinusitis, or otitis media) ... [Pg.934]

Recent infection in the patient—respiratory infection, otitis media, sinusitis, mastoiditis... [Pg.1034]

Contiguous Spread - Sinusitis, Otitis Media, Birth Defects... [Pg.1036]

List the most common bacterial pathogens that cause acute otitis media, acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, and acute pharyngitis. [Pg.1061]

Identify clinical signs and symptoms associated with acute otitis media, bacterial rhinosinusitis, and streptococcal pharyngitis. [Pg.1061]

The majority of uncomplicated acute otitis media infections resolve spontaneously without significant morbidity. [Pg.1061]

Antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media should be reserved for children who are most likely to benefit from therapy those under 2 years of age and those with severe disease. [Pg.1061]

Amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate are first-line antibiotics for acute otitis media. [Pg.1061]

Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is a term that refers to various upper airway infections, including otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and rhinitis. Most URIs are viral and often selflimited. Over 1 billion viral URIs occur annually in the United States, resulting in millions of physician office visits each year.1 Excessive antibiotic use for URIs has contributed to the significant development of bacterial resistance. Guidelines have been established to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use for viral URIs.2 This chapter will focus on acute otitis media, sinusitis, and pharyngitis because they are frequently caused by bacteria and require appropriate antibiotic therapy to minimize complications. [Pg.1061]

Otitis media, or inflammation of the middle ear, is the most common reason for prescribing antibiotics in children. It usually occurs after a viral infection of the nasopharynx and can be subclassified as acute otitis media or otitis media with... [Pg.1061]

Otitis media is most common in children between 6 months and 2 years of age but can occur in all age groups, including adults. By 12 months of age, 75% of children have had at least one episode of otitis media, and up to 20% have recurrent infections.3,4 At least 13 million antibiotic prescriptions are written annually in the United States for otitis media, resulting in 2 billion in direct costs.5 Many risk factors (Table 69-1) predispose children to otitis media and can be associated with microbial resistance, such as day-care attendance, prior antibiotic exposure, and age younger than 2 years.3,4,6... [Pg.1062]

Viscous middle ear effusions caused by allergy or irritant exposure may contribute to impaired mucociliary clearance and AOM in susceptible individuals.4 OME occurs chronically in atopic children, and effusion can persist for months after an episode of AOM. Children with chronic OME usually require tympanostomy tube placement to reduce complications such as hearing and speech impairment and recurrent otitis media. [Pg.1063]

Assess the patient s signs and symptoms. Are they consistent with acute otitis media ... [Pg.1067]

Educate the family regarding risk factors for otitis media. [Pg.1067]

American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics 2004 113(5) 1451-1465. [Pg.1074]

Dowell SF, Butler JC, Giebink GS, et al. Acute otitis media Management and surveillance in an era of pneumococcal resistance—A report from the Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999 18(l) l-9. [Pg.1074]

Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB, Sanders SL, Hayem M. Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004 1 CD000219. [Pg.1074]

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. S. pneumoniae causes approximately 3000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, 500,000 cases of pneumonia, and over 1 million cases of otitis media each year. The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae has highlighted the need to prevent infection through vaccination. Both licensed pneumococcal vaccines are highly effective in preventing disease from the common S. pneumoniae serotypes that cause human disease. [Pg.1245]

Acute otitis media Inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by fluid in the middle ear space and signs or symptoms of an acute ear infection. [Pg.1559]

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