Plant phenol

A typical phenol plant based on the cumene hydroperoxide process can be divided into two principal areas. In the reaction area, cumene, formed by alkylation of benzene and propylene, is oxidized to form cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). The cumene hydroperoxide is concentrated and cleaved to produce phenol and acetone. By-products of the oxidation reaction are acetophenone and dimethyl benzyl alcohol (DMBA). DMBA is dehydrated in the cleavage reaction to produce alpha-methylstyrene (AMS). [Pg.288]

Due to environmental considerations, many phenol plants are equipped with a special water treatment faciUty where acetone and phenol are recovered from the wastewater stream. Also, recovered heavy residue is considered a K-022 waste material by the U.S. EPA and must be properly disposed of by incineration or other means (12). [Pg.289]

Safety is a critical aspect in the design of phenol plants. Oxidation of cumene to CHP occurs at conditions close to the flammable limits. Furthermore, the CHP is a potentially unstable material which can violendy decompose under certain conditions. Thus, phenol plants must be carefully designed and provided with weU-designed control and safety systems. [Pg.289]

Phenol Vi Cyclohexene. In 1989 Mitsui Petrochemicals developed a process in which phenol was produced from cyclohexene. In this process, benzene is partially hydrogenated to cyclohexene in the presence of water and a mthenium-containing catalyst. The cyclohexene then reacts with water to form cyclohexanol or oxygen to form cyclohexanone. The cyclohexanol or cyclohexanone is then dehydrogenated to phenol. No phenol plants have been built employing this process. [Pg.289]

The key elements of the cost of production of phenol are feedstock cost and capital cost. For phenol produced on the U.S. Gulf Coast in a 200,000 t/yr phenol plant built in 1994, the cumene feedstock cost represents 70% of the net cost of production, after allowance for acetone coproduct value. Depreciation of equipment represents 14% of the net cost and utilities approximately 7.6%. The remaining 8.4% covers all other expenses, including plant labor, maintenance, insurance, adininistration, sales, etc. [Pg.290]

Caprolactam. At the same time that Dow was constmcting toluene to phenol plants, Snia Viscosa (28—30) introduced two processes for the manufacture of caprolactam (qv) from benzoic acid. The earlier process produced ammonium sulfate as a by-product, but the latter process did not. In either process benzoic acid is hydrogenated to cyclohexanecarboxyHc acid [98-89-5] which then reacts with nitrosylsulfuric acid to form caprolactam [105-60-2]. [Pg.55]

WATERMAN p G and MOLE s (199 A) Analysis of phenolic plant metabolites, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications. [Pg.346]

HPLC has proved to be fast and sensitive for the analyses of phenolic plant constit-nents, and is especially useful for the analysis of anthocyanins. The first application of HPLC to anthocyanin analyses was in 1975 by Manley and Shubiak and it has now become the method of choice for the separation of mixtures of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins. HPLC is now used for anthocyanin qualitative, quantitative, and preparative work, offering improved resolution compared to chromatographic procedures previously employed. It also allows for simultaneous rapid monitoring of the eluting anthocyanins. ... [Pg.489]

Purification of industrial oils, kerosene/jet fuel, lubricating oils Mono- dicumyldiphenylamine Mono- dioctyldiphenylamine Dimer fatty acids Purification of xylenes Improvement of bromine number of recycle cumene in phenol plants Improvement of bromine number of recycle ethylbenzene in styrene plants based on liquid pha.se oxidation Alkylation of xylenes with diisobutylenes to mono-/ rr-butyI derivatives Phenyl xylyl ethane... [Pg.134]

V. Romheld, and H. Marschner, Mechanisms of iron uptake by peanut plants 1. Reduction, chelate splitting, and release of phenolics. Plant Physiol. 77 949 (1983). [Pg.85]

To minimize damage due to power outage, the Celanese Corporation in their plant at Newark, N.J., instituted a policy of always generating half its own power. Merck Company installed additional auxiliary steam power to insure constant refrigeration for its biochemicals at its West Point, Pa., plant. At Allied Chemical s phenol plant in Frankfort, Pa., electric devices on air compressors and pumps were replaced by steam-operated controls, and diesel generators were installed to maintain cooling water circulation. 19... [Pg.41]

BIEZA, K., LOIS, R., An Arabidopsis mutant tolerant to lethal ultraviolet-b levels shows constitutively elevated accumulation of flavonoids and other phenolics, Plant Physiol., 2001,126, 1105-1115. [Pg.194]

L The Cutthroat Phenol Company is thinking about starting up and selling out their 50 million pound per year phenol plant. The market for the various feedstocks and products is as follows. (EO.B. the Cutthroat plant) ... [Pg.118]

Their cumene plant operating costs are 0.20/lb of feed the phenol plant operating costs are 0.25/lb of phenol-... [Pg.118]

Berger, P. J., Sanders, E. H., Gardner, P. D., and Negus, N. C. (1977). Phenolic plant compounds functioning as reproductive inhibitors in Microtus montanus. Science 195,575-577. [Pg.435]

Waterman, P.G. and Mole, S., Analysis of Phenolic Plant Metabolites, Blackwell, Oxford, 1994. [Pg.119]

Highly selective to compounds with fluorescent emission spectra Fluorometer PAHs (EPA 8310) IV-methyl carbamates (EPA 8318) Interferences from Alkyl amines Phenols Plant pigments Oily matrices... [Pg.217]

The utilities can be optimized for specific site conditions/economics and integrated with an associated phenol plant. [Pg.46]

Commercial plants GE Plastics, Mt. Vernon, Indiana (300,000 metric tons/yr [mtpy], revamped in 1992) Formosa Chemicals Fibre Corporation, Taiwan (400,000 mtpy, revamped in 2001 to double the original plant capacity). Lummus has more than 50 years of phenol-plant design experience. [Pg.139]

The Q-Max design is typically tailored to provide optimal utility advantage for the plant site, such as minimizing heat input for standalone operation or recovering heat as steam for use in a nearby phenol plant. [Pg.36]

Commercial plants Thirty plants worldwide have been built or are now under construction with a total phenol capacity over 2.8 MMtpy. Three grassroots phenol plants, using KBR s phenol technology started up in 1999/2000 100,000-tpy for Aristech Chemical, Ohio 225,000-tpy for Shell Chemical, Texas and 37,500-tpy for Shanghai Gaogiao Petrochemicals, Shanghai, China. An additional three plants are in design. More than 50% of the world s phenol is produced via this process. [Pg.81]

There are a large number of phenol plants operating throughout the world based on alkylation of benzene. The alkylation and oxidation reactions are as follows ... [Pg.30]

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