Radiological considerations

Justification of practices and interventions involves many factors, including social and political aspects, as well as radiological considerations. Some practical guidance on justification for practices and interventions is provided by the BSS, and some examples are provided here an intervention is justified if it is expected to achieve more good than harm, having regard to health, social and economic factors. Protective actions are nearly always justified if, in the absence of intervention, doses are expected to approach certain specified values related to deterministic effects. [Pg.281]

The Main Steam Line Isolation System (see Section 10.3.2 for more details) is composed of portions of the Main Steam System and the Engineered Safety Features Actuation System. Discussed here are those portions of these systems that respond to a Main Steam Isolation Signal, as defined in Section 7.3. A discussion of radiological considerations is provided in Section 12.3. [Pg.155]

Coolant System. A description of the CVCS is given in Section 9.3.4. Radiological considerations are described in Chapters 11 and 12. [Pg.190]

Consideration has been given to lining the blocks with steel or some other material. It Is not considered, however, that this would Improve the accuracy of the blocks sufficiently. Furthermore, the presence of additional steel In the activated zone would firstly be expensive and secondly be undesirable from radiological considerations. [Pg.28]

Remediation decisions are influenced by non-radiological considerations also. [Pg.316]

Mr. Queniart reiterated the French approach of case-by-case decisions, especially with respect to the importance of non-radiological considerations. [Pg.318]

Macpherson RI (1993) Gastrointestinal tract duplication clinical, pathologic, etiologic and radiologic considerations. Radiographics 13 1063-1080... [Pg.180]

The licensing process consists of two steps construction and operating license that must be completed before fuel loading. Licensing covers radiological safety, environmental protection, and antitru,st considerations. Activities not defined as production or utilization of special nuclear material (SNM), use simple one-step. Materials Licenses, for the possession of radioactive materials. Examples are uranium mills, solution recovery plants, UO fabrication plants, interim spent fuel storage, and isotopic separation plants. [Pg.19]

The Safety Goal Policy Statement was published to define acceptable radiological risk IVom nuclear power plant operation, and by implication provide a de minimus risk to be assured without cost considerations. Safety beyond the minimum requires cost-benefit analysis. Since being promulgated, bulletins and generic letters have been imposed to enhance safety, under the provisions of 10 CFR 50.109, the Backfit Rule. [Pg.401]

Further consideration is being given by the National Radiological Protection Board and the Department of the Environment to the need for standards in the UK and to the means of implementing them. A decision is likely to be made before the end of this year. [Pg.117]

The reduction in PAEC is considerably higher than can be accounted for by filtration directly (Jonassen, 1984a, Jonassen and McLaughlin, 1984), because the filtration as suggested, not only removes radioactive material, but also through removal of aerosol particles increases the unattached fractions and thus enhances the plate out- removal of airborne radioactivity. On the other hand the filtration-induced increase in unattached fractions will increase the average radiological dose per unit of PAEC and this is responsible... [Pg.270]

The health effects associated with radon, as well as sources and mitigation measures, are discussed in detail in several National Research Council reports (1988, 1991), in the book edited by Nazaroff and Nero (1988), and in the International Commission on Radiological Protection Report (1994). Initial risk assessments were based on data from underground miners who were exposed to relatively high levels of radon and its progeny. However, there has been considerable controversy over the extrapolation to lower levels in homes [e.g., see summaries by Nazaroff and Teichman (1990) and Peto and Darby (1994)]. [Pg.845]

In developing generic scenarios for inadvertent intrusion into near-surface disposal facilities used to determine limits on concentrations of hazardous substances in exempt and low-hazard waste, consideration must be given to the question of how far into the future the scenarios should be applied, as well as the earliest time at which the scenarios could occur. This issue arises because the potential risk posed by some radionuclides e.g., uranium) increases with time, due to the long-term buildup of radiologically significant decay products, and some hazardous chemicals could be transformed over time into more hazardous forms. NCRP believes that scenarios for inadvertent intrusion used to classify waste should be applied over a time period consistent with the time period for applying standards for protection of members of the public beyond the boundaries of waste disposal sites. [Pg.43]

These considerations lead to an important conclusion regarding the relationship between classification of fuel-cycle wastes and requirements for their disposal—namely, that the selection of acceptable systems for disposal of fuel-cycle wastes does not depend on the definitions of waste classes. Rather, the types of disposal systems that are expected to provide adequate protection of public health (e.g., a near-surface facility or a geologic repository) are selected based on the radiological properties of waste, essentially without regard for how the waste is classified. Thus, general requirements for disposal are not affected by the qualitative, source-based, and ambiguous definitions in the classification system for fuel-cycle waste. [Pg.194]

X-ray diffraction imaging in its early days followed a similar path to target medical diagnostic applications. Several investigators found remarkable differences between the diffraction profiles of healthy and diseased tissue in the skeleton [11] and breast [12], to name just two examples. Dose considerations however, particularly compared with MRI, have prevented up to now the widespread application of XDI in diagnostic radiology. [Pg.205]

The problems of nuclear and radiological terrorism merit a special consideration. [Pg.221]

American College of Radiology. (2002). Radiation disasters Preparedness and response for radiology. Reston, VA Author. Berger, M. E., Hurtado, R., Dunlap, J., Mutchinick, O., Valasco, M. G., Tostado, R. A., et al. (1997). Accidental radiation injury to the hand Anatomical and physiological consideration. Health Physics, 72(3), 343-348. [Pg.540]

Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...