Sodium soaps

The sodium soaps of fatty acid form calcium soaps of such low solubdity that they act as their own budders. Initial soap additions precipitate the calcium ion and the soap added thereafter functions in soft water. At high temperatures, the calcium soaps are relatively soluble compared to calcium tripolyphosphate. Thus sodium tripolyphosphate (STEP) can budd (revert) soaps in a hot water wash. However, at low temperatures the relative affinity of STEP for calcium decreases so that STEP cannot budd soaps in a cold water wash. [Pg.529]

Adsorption. Many studies have been made of the adsorption of soaps and synthetic surfactants on fibers in an attempt to relate detergency behavior to adsorption effects. Relatively fewer studies have been made of the adsorption of surfactants by soils (57). Plots of the adsorption of sodium soaps by a series of carbon blacks and charcoals show that the fatty acid and the alkaU are adsorbed independently, within limits, although the presence of excess aLkaU reduces the sorption of total fatty acids (58). No straightforward relationship was noted between detergency and adsorption. [Pg.532]

Tall oil rosin is obtained from crude tall oil obtained from the Kraft (sulphate) pulping of various coniferous trees in the paper manufacturing industry. During the Kraft pulping process the fatty acids and the resin acids from the coniferous wood are saponified by the alkaline medium. On concentration of the resulting pulping liquor, the sodium soap of these mixed acids rises to the surface from where they are skimmed out. By acidification of this material with sulphuric acid, the crude tall oil is obtained. Fractional steam distillation of the crude tall oil allows the separation of the tall oil fatty acids and the tall oil rosins [21]. [Pg.599]

Thermotropic liquid-crystalline properties of different metal alkanesulfonates are studied by microscopy and X-ray diffraction [59]. Sodium soaps show smectic polymorphism of smectic A and smectic B phases. Ammonium soaps only show smectic A phases but polymorphism in the crystalline state. Calcium soaps show columnar mesophases. In Figs. 32 and 33 some textures and x-ray diffraction patterns are depicted. [Pg.189]

A soap-based powder can be produced in combination with ester sulfonates. Thirty-five percent of a sodium soap mixture (5% lauric acid, 5% myristic acid, 52% palmitic acid, 21% stearic acid, 12% oleic acid, and 5% linoleic acid) is mixed with 15% sodium a-sulfo palm oil fatty acid methyl ester, 3% lauric acid ethoxylate, 5% sodium silicate, 17% sodium carbonate, 20% Na2S04- 10H2O, and 5% water [79]. [Pg.488]

Brown acid oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates found in acid sludge that can be recovered by extraction with naphtha solvent. Brown-acid sulfonates are somewhat similar to mahogany sulfonates but are more water soluble. In the dry, oil-free state, the sodium soaps are light-colored powders. [Pg.325]

In this reaction, esters of fatty acids are hydrolysed and the soap obtained remains In coUoldal form. It Is precipitated from the solution by adding sodium chloride. The solution left after removing the soap contains glycerol, which can be recovered by fractional distillation. Only sodium and potassium soaps are soluble in water and are used for cleaning purposes. Generally potassium soaps are soft to the skin than sodium soaps. These can be prepared by using potassium hydroxide solution m place of sodium hydroxide. [Pg.174]

Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structural formulae of these compounds are given below. [Pg.176]

Grease is primarily a soap and lube oil mixture. The properties of grease are determined in large part by the properties of the soap component. For example, sodium soap grease is water soluble and not suitable for water contact service. A calcium soap grease, on the other hand, can be used in water service. The soap may be purchased as a raw material or may be manufactured on site as an auxiliary process. [Pg.251]

No data are as yet available on the effect of length of tail on the emulsion size. As has already been noted (p. 46) fatty acids with short hydrocarbon tails are very water soluble and the sodium soaps soluble to a greater degree, interfacial adsorption is consequently small. Thus the concentration required to produce a saturated film at the oil-water interface will be correspondingly greater. This necessitates a high sodium ion concentration in the... [Pg.115]

Marlon ARL 10.0 Zeoli te A 40.0 Sodium soap powder 4.0 Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate 5.0 Sodium carbonate, dehydrated 15.0 Polycarboxylate, e.g. Sokalan CP 5 powder 4.0 Polyvinylpyrrolidone, e.g. Sokalan HP 50 2.0 Sodium sulphate light to 100... [Pg.80]

Marlon ARL B.O Sodium soap powder 3.0 Sodium tripolyphosphate 30.0 Sodium disilicate 9-0 Sodium perborate tetrahydrate 20.0 Tetraacetyethylenediamine (TAED) 3.0 Carboxymethy1 cellulose 1-0 Sodium sulphate light, enzymes to 100... [Pg.87]

Mahogany acids oil-soluble sulfonic acids formed by the action of sulfuric acid on petroleum distillates. They may be converted to their sodium soaps (mahogany soaps) and extracted from the oil with alcohol for use in the manufacture of soluble oils, rust preventives, and special greases. The calcium and barium soaps of these acids are used as detergent additives in motor oils see also Brown acids and Sulfonic acids. [Pg.442]

The potassium soaps tend to be softer and more soluble in water than the corresponding sodium soaps. Soaps from unsaturated fatty acids are softer than those from saturated fatty acids. [Pg.164]

Hardness Concentration of cations in water that will react with a sodium soap to precipitate an insoluble residue. Total hardness is a measure of the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water, usually expressed as mg/L CaC03. Volume 1(10). [Pg.392]

J. Engblom, S. Engstrom, and K. Fontell, The effect of the skin penetration enhancer Azone on fatty acid-sodium soap-water mixtures, J. Control. Rel. 33 299— 305 (1995). [Pg.162]

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