Strong form

Proponents of the strong form of artificial life emphasize that artificial life is fundamentally about the exploration of life as it could be, as compared to life as we know it [lang89]. It is an attempt to enlarge our currently meager set of examples of life in the set of all possible life - more precisely, our meager one data point of life as it has evolved on this, planet (see figure 12.21) - in hopes abstracting the set of basic principles that are universal to all life forms. [Pg.708]

Insofar as artificial life depends, in part, on the synthesis of self-contained worlds that obey a consistent physics, it is not a great leap to suggest that artificial life is a harbinger of a new kind of generative, artificial physics. In such a case, a strong form equivalent of the importance of CA is that it furnishes us with a way to explore... [Pg.708]

Magnesium cations and oxide anions attract each other strongly, forming the ionic solid, MgO. Notice that in the balanced redox reaction there is no net change in the number of electrons two Mg atoms lose four electrons, and one O2 molecule gains four electrons. [Pg.1352]

LaForge and Hudson194 prepared an osone from the phenylosazone obtained from sedoheptulose (D-aZ(ro-heptulose). The osone reduced Fehling solution strongly, formed the original osazone with phenylhydrazine, and gave a crystalline derivative with o-phenylenediamine. [Pg.87]

The examples of Section 5.2 can be summarized by saying that H-bonds are an unusually strong form of n—a donor-acceptor interaction exhibiting the expected strong cooperative effects associated with intermolecular charge transfer. [Pg.660]

Quantum mechanics is intrinsically probabilistic, but classical theory - as shown above by the existence of the delta-function limit for the classical distribution function - is not. Since Newton s equations provide an excellent description of observed classical systems, including chaotic systems, it is crucial to establish how such a localized description can arise quantum mechanically. We will call this the strong form of... [Pg.58]

It is clear that the strong form of the QCT is impossible to obtain from either the isolated or open evolution equations for the density matrix or Wigner function. For a generic dynamical system, a localized initial distribution tends to distribute itself over phase space and either continue to evolve in complicated ways (isolated system) or asymptote to an equilibrium state (open system) - whether classically or quantum mechanically. In the case of conditioned evolution, however, the distribution can be localized due to the information gained from the measurement. In order to quantify how this happ ens, let us first apply a cumulant expansion to the (fine-grained) conditioned classical evolution (5), resulting in the equations for the centroids (x = (t), P= (P ,... [Pg.59]

We see that the appearance of strong forms of chemisorption does not necessarily lead to the depletion of the electron or hole population of the crystal. On the contrary the concentration of the free carriers may be increased in chemisorption. The presence of an electron or a hole gas is therefore not a necessary condition for the formation of strong bonds in chemisorption. [Pg.195]

The existence of the strong form of chemisorption on the surface, that is, of the form in which a lattice electron or hole is localized near the chemisorbed particle, leads, among other things, to the appearance of a charge on the semiconductor surface. Denoting by surface electric charge density due to chemisorption we obtain, according to (7) and (9),... [Pg.214]

Chemisorption leads to a change in the work function and the electrical conductivity of the semiconductor (Sec. VI,C). This is caused by charging of the surface in chemisorption, which fact is in turn a result of the existence of the strong forms of chemisorption. [Pg.260]

The strong form of the problem, where signals overlap which are effectively indistinguishable by NMR, is much less amenable. Here the only... [Pg.216]

The metaphase of warm-febrile diseases Increasing heat inside the body, starts to injure the body fluids At this level, the heat is very strong, forms a center in the Lung and Stomach, and spreads throughout the entire body The body resistance and pathogenic factor both are strong... [Pg.114]

At age 12, Robert was sent (with his brother and an academic tutor) on a European tour that was to have a strong formative influence. His keen interest in mathematical studies was first kindled by travels in France and Switzerland. At age 13, he also experi-led to intense religious conversion and convictions that he maintained throughout life in the words of a biographer,... [Pg.20]

When opium is abused, it may be combined with other licit or illicit drugs. In these cases, opium may be mixed with tobacco or other vegetable matter for smoking, a mixture called madak (or madhak). An A-bomb is a marijuana cigarette that contains heroin or opium, while Buddha is a strong form of marijuana spiked with opium. Opium may also be mixed with hashish in a concoction called black Russian or black hash. [Pg.392]

This corresponds to a very simplistic statement of the double dividend hypothesis. Various definitions are used in the literature, sometimes inconsistently, including weak , intermediate and strong forms. This terminology is avoided here. Tax-interaction effects are discussed later. [Pg.156]

Although hydrogen bonding is a strong form of intermolecular attraction, it is much weaker than a normal C—H, N—H, or O—H covalent bond. Breaking a hydrogen bond requires about 20 kJ/mol (5 kcal/mol), compared with about 400 kJ/mol (about 100 kcal/mol) required to break a C — H, N—H, or O — H bond. [Pg.68]

Mesitylene and xylenes interact more strongly, forming weak monomeric complexes, BrsAl L. A typical strong complex is formed by MesN, which forms both the tetrahedral 1 1 complex (12) and the 1 2 trigonal bipyramidal complex (13). [Pg.136]

Ferromagnetism—A strong form of magnetism that occurs with the parallel alignment of equal magnetic spins. [Pg.204]

Field et al. [157] introduced the concept of critical flux in membrane filtration. They proposed that upon start-up, there exists a flux below which a decline of flux with time does not occur. Although a concentration polarization layer is present, solid deposition on the membrane that gives rise to cake layer formation does not take place, so that a nonfoufing or cake-free operation is achieved. This flux is the critical flux and it may either be in strong form, in which flux is identical to the clean water flux at the same TMP, or in weak form, in which flux varies linearly with TMP but the slope of the fine differs from that of clean water [6,157,161]. [Pg.655]

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