Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Volume mixing ratio

Fig. 11-6 Concentrations of gases in the smoke from an experimental fire of Trachypogon grass from Venezuela as a function of time and the stack gas temperature. The dotted line separates the flaming phase from the smoldering phase. Concentrations are in percent by volume for CO2, in volume mixing ratios (ppm) for the other species (1% = 10000 ppm). (Used with permission from Crutzen and Andreae (1990). Science 250 1669-1678, AAAS.)... Fig. 11-6 Concentrations of gases in the smoke from an experimental fire of Trachypogon grass from Venezuela as a function of time and the stack gas temperature. The dotted line separates the flaming phase from the smoldering phase. Concentrations are in percent by volume for CO2, in volume mixing ratios (ppm) for the other species (1% = 10000 ppm). (Used with permission from Crutzen and Andreae (1990). Science 250 1669-1678, AAAS.)...
The atmospheric composition information in Table 6.1 is presented as the volume mixing ratio for each gas (1a/ r)- At a constant temperature and pressure, the ideal gas law can be used to show that... [Pg.148]

Figure 4. Calculated altitude distributions of the volume mixing ratios of several trace gases (12). The reactive trace gases that directly affect ozone are given by dark lines. Conditions are for the equinox at 30°N. Figure 4. Calculated altitude distributions of the volume mixing ratios of several trace gases (12). The reactive trace gases that directly affect ozone are given by dark lines. Conditions are for the equinox at 30°N.
Fig. VIII -11. Observed concentrations of trace species in the stratosphere. From Johnston (543). Data on CCIjF and CCIjFj are from Heidt et al. (460). V/ V is the volume mixing ratio. Reprinted by permission of Annual Reviews, Inc. and the American Geophysical Union. Fig. VIII -11. Observed concentrations of trace species in the stratosphere. From Johnston (543). Data on CCIjF and CCIjFj are from Heidt et al. (460). V/ V is the volume mixing ratio. Reprinted by permission of Annual Reviews, Inc. and the American Geophysical Union.
This reaction chain requires the presence of sufficient concentrations of NO. At low NO volume mixing ratios, below about 10 pmol/mol (p = pico = 1 O 12 pptv in US units), oxidation of CO leads to ozone destruction since the HO2 radical then reacts mostly with O3 ... [Pg.5]

Figure 1. Annual (2015) and zonal average increases of ozone volume mixing ratios due to aircraft emissions [ppbv] calculated by six 3-D models. The IMAGES/BISA model does not give results above 14 km, and the HARVARD model does not give results above 12 km. Figure 1. Annual (2015) and zonal average increases of ozone volume mixing ratios due to aircraft emissions [ppbv] calculated by six 3-D models. The IMAGES/BISA model does not give results above 14 km, and the HARVARD model does not give results above 12 km.
Figure 2. CIO volume mixing ratio profiles across the vortex edge as measured by the ASUR instrument (solid line) on March 6, 1996, compared to results of the SI.IMCAT 3-D model (dashed line, rectangles) for identical positions at 12 UT. Also indicated are average times, positions, solar zenith angles, and 475 K-PV s for the individual measurements. The thick error bars represent the relevant statistical errors due to measurement noise, the thin dotted error bars include also the error due to the limited altitude resolution (the so-called null-space error). Modelled and measured data are in relatively good agreement inside, at the edge, and outside the Arctic polar vortex. Figure 2. CIO volume mixing ratio profiles across the vortex edge as measured by the ASUR instrument (solid line) on March 6, 1996, compared to results of the SI.IMCAT 3-D model (dashed line, rectangles) for identical positions at 12 UT. Also indicated are average times, positions, solar zenith angles, and 475 K-PV s for the individual measurements. The thick error bars represent the relevant statistical errors due to measurement noise, the thin dotted error bars include also the error due to the limited altitude resolution (the so-called null-space error). Modelled and measured data are in relatively good agreement inside, at the edge, and outside the Arctic polar vortex.
Figure 3. CIO volume mixing ratio profiles across the vortex edge as measured by ASUR (solid line with error-bars) on Fehruaiy28, 1996, compared to SLIMCAT data (dashed, rectangles). The model underestimates CIO at 20 km ( 475K) inside the vortex, while outside the agreement is good. Figure 3. CIO volume mixing ratio profiles across the vortex edge as measured by ASUR (solid line with error-bars) on Fehruaiy28, 1996, compared to SLIMCAT data (dashed, rectangles). The model underestimates CIO at 20 km ( 475K) inside the vortex, while outside the agreement is good.
Figure 2 shows a representative selection of CIO volume mixing ratio profiles as measured by the ASUR instrument on March 6, 1996. The ASUR observa-... [Pg.237]

For the situation of February 28, 1996 the chemical transport model calculates low CIO mixing ratios inside the vortex at about 20 km corresponding to a deactivation of chlorine into the reservoir species CIONO2 (M. Chipperfield, personal communication), which is in contrast to the ASUR measurement showing clearly a large CIO volume mixing ratio peak of 1.7 0.25 ppbv in the lower stratosphere of the Arctic vortex. [Pg.238]

An ESA supported study was carried out for the development of an optimized code for near real time retrieval of altitude profiles of pressure, temperature (p, T) and volume mixing ratio (VMR) of five key species (O3, H20, HNO3, CH4 and N20) from infrared limb sounding spectra recorded by MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding), which will be operated on board ENVISAT-1 satellite. [Pg.335]

The pressures at the tangent altitudes (representing the observation geometries) and the temperature profile (p,T), as well as die volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of five high priority species (O3, H20, HNO3, CH4 and N20), will be routinely retrieved in near real time (NRT). The retrieval of these parameters from calibrated spectra (Level lb data) is indicated as NRT Level 2 processor. [Pg.336]

Carbon monoxide volume mixing ratio (ppm) qC02... [Pg.38]

Figure 6 A typical atmospheric ozone profile through the atmosphere2 The concentration is expressed as a volume mixing ratio... Figure 6 A typical atmospheric ozone profile through the atmosphere2 The concentration is expressed as a volume mixing ratio...
B] = 10 cm corresponding to a volume mixing ratio on the order of 10" in the middle stratosphere. [Pg.120]

The situation regarding the importance of chlorine in polar springtime surface ozone chemistry remains rather confusing. Contrary to most information, newer measurements of BrCl volume mixing ratios by up to 35pmolmoP, comparable to those of Br2 (=27 pmol moP ),... [Pg.1946]

The presence of halogen-containing radicals can play a substantial role in chemical processes in the atmosphere. Chlorine atoms react much faster with alkanes than OH, the effect of which has been clearly observed in the Arctic troposphere in connection with the sunrise ODEs (Ramacher et al., 1997 Ariya et al., 1997 Song and Carmichael, 1999). The high reactivity of chlorine with hydrocarbons may explain the relatively high CH2O volume mixing ratios of... [Pg.1960]

See other pages where Volume mixing ratio is mentioned: [Pg.148]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.673]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.316]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.84]    [Pg.234]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.387]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.345]    [Pg.488]    [Pg.1404]    [Pg.1936]    [Pg.1937]    [Pg.1944]    [Pg.1947]    [Pg.1966]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.36]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.6 ]



SEARCH



Mixing ratios

Mixing volume

© 2024 chempedia.info