File:History of Inventions USNM 43 Reed Musical Instruments.jpg

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No. 1. Chinese shalm or shawm (chHang-ti). Section of bamboo with thumb hole and seven finger holes ; double reed, a section of thin reed scraped down and flattened 94,864 (see also Guanzi)
No. 2. Korean shalm (piri). Double reed, a section of bamboo worked down and flattened; thumb hole and seven finger holes 95,211
No. 3. Chinese oboe (k'ad-ti). Tube of wood with conical bore; one thumb hole and seven finger holes; mouth tube of brass, tapering; reed, section of rice stalks tied on brass tube 96,575 (see also Suona)
No. 4. Oboe or hautboy. Tube of wood; bore conical; four joints, six finger holes, and thumb keys; mouth tube of brass; double reed of two pieces of cane 95,290
No. 5. Egyptian clarinet (zummarali). Tube, section of bamboo open at both ends; finger holes four; reed smaller section of bamboo, with tongue cut and split on one side.
No. 6. Arabic double clarinet (mijioiz). Tubes two, of cane, with four finger holes each, and two reeds also of cane. Similar to that of the zunimarah 92,863
No. 7. European fagot or bassoon. Tube in four parts, of maple, with conical bore, six finger holes, and eight keys; double reed of two pieces of cane; mouthpiece set on a wing — 95,275
No. 8. Clarinet. Tube and bell of boxwood, with a conical bore, one thumb hole, seven finger holes, and six keys; mouthpiece of rosewood, with a single beating reed of cane lashed to it 55,618
No. 9. Inverted double reed from Fort Simpson, Alaska. A tapering cylinder of wood split, excavated to form a tube open at the upper end and closed at the lower. The stock is then bound around with leather thongs 20,700
No. 10. Double inverted reed instrument from Bella Bella Indians. The same as No. 9, but with the lashings perfect 20,699
No. 11. Italian bagpipes (zampogna) . Bag the skin of a sheep. The pipes start from a wooden stock inserted in the neck of the skin. It has one chanter and three drones. Mouth tube of wood, set in one of the legs of the animal 95,047
No. 12. Harmonica or mouth organ. A free-reed instrument without tubes, 55,662
No. 13. Accordion. A free-reed instrument with a double bellows and keyboard 55,638
No. 14. Cheng. Chinese mouth organ and free-reed Instrument, with tubes, 96,657
No. 15. No. 17. Jew's-harps. A variety of reed instruments in which the vibration is made by the finger of the player. The cavity of his mouth acts as a resonator 95,559(2), 94,651
No. 16. Japanese jew's-harp (mokuri) . In this the tongue is vibrated by a string attached to it near its base 150,720
No. 17. No. 15. "Wooden jew's-harp from Sulu. This differs from the preceding in that the frame of the instrument is vibrated instead of the tongue__ 5,692 (See also Kubing)
Français : Instruments à anche.
  1. Chalemie chinoise (chHang-tiSection de bambou avec un trou de pouce et sept trous pour doigtés ; anche double, une section d'un roseau fin gratté et applati 94,864
  2. Chalemie coréenne (piri). Anche double, une section de bambou travaillée et aplatie ; trou de pouce et sept trous pour doigtés 95,211
  3. Hautbois chinois (k'ad-ti). Tube de bois avec une perce conique ; un trou de pouce et sept trous pour doigtés ; tube de l'embouchure en laiton, conique ; anche, section de tige de riz ligaturée sur le tube de laiton 96,575 (voir aussi Suona)
  4. Hautbois. Tube de bois ; perce conique ; quatre jonctions, six trous pour doigtés et des clefs de pouce ; tube d'embouchure en laiton ; anche double faite de deux morceaux de roseau 95,290
  5. Clarinette égyptienne (zummarali). Tube, section de bambou ouverte aux deux extrémités ; quatre trous pour doigtés ; anche faite d'une section de bambou plus petite, avec langue coupée et fendue sur le côté.
  6. Double clarinette arabe (mijioiz). Deux tubes de roseau avec quatre trous pour doigtés chacun, et deux anches également de roseau. similaire en cela au zunimarah 92,863
  7. Basson européen. Tube en quatre parties, en érable, avec une perce conique, six trous de doigtés et huit clefs ; anche double faite de deux lamelles de roseau ; embouchure placée sur un bocal — 95,275
  8. Clarinette. Tube et pavillon en buis avec une perce conique, un trou de pouce et sept trous de doigtés, et six clefs ; bec en palissandre sur lequel est ligaturé une anche simple de roseau 55,618
  9. Anche double inversée* de Fort Simpson, Alaska. Un cylindre effilé de bois fendu, creusé pour former un tube ouvert à l'extrémité supérieure et fermé à l'extrémité inférieure. La base est ensuite entourée de lanières de cuir. 20,700
  10. Instrument à anche double inversée des amérindiens Bella Bella. Identique au no 9 mais la ligature est parfaite 20,699
  11. Cornemuse italienne (
    zampogna
    ). La poche est en peau de brebis. Le tuyau part d'une embase de bois insérée dans l'ouverture de la peau. Il a un chalumeau et trois bourdons. Embouchure en bois, inséré dans une des pattes de l'animal 95,047
  12. Harmonica ou orgue à bouche. Un instrument à anches libres sans tuyau, 55,662
  13. Accordéon. Un instrument à anches libres avec un double soufflet et un clavier 55,638
  14. Cheng/sheng. Orgue à bouche chinois et instrument à anches libres, avec des tuyaux, 96,657
  15. Guimbarde en bois du Sulu. Contrairement aux instruments suivants, c'est l'armature de l'instrument qui est mise en vibration vibre et non la membrane__ 5,692 (voir aussi Kubing)
  16. Guimbarde japonaise (mokuri/Mukkuri). Dans cet instrument, la membrane est mise en vibration par une corde attachée à elle près de sa base 150,720
  17. Guimbardes. Une variété d'instruments à anche pour laquelle la vibration est provoquée par le doigt du joueur ou de la joueuse. La cavité de sa bouche joue le rôle de résonateur 95,559(2), 94,651
* Sifflet ; contrairement à l'anche double de hautbois, on souffle par l'extrémité liée et non du côté des lamelles libres.
Date
Source Walter Hough (1922). Synoptic series of objects in the United States National Museum illustrating the history of inventions. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 60 (2404). 1-47, 56 pl.
Author United States National Museum (Smithsonian Institution), Washington D.C.

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