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Ségrégation professionnelle Occupational segregation تفرقة وظيفية Segregação ocupacional Segregació laboral Arbeitsmarktsegregation
rdfs:comment
La segregació laboral respon a la divisió existent del mercat de treball, organitzat en funció del gènere de les persones treballadores que el componen i, en particular, el tipus de feines que realitzen. Així com la Divisió Sexual del Treball, que fa referència a la distribució del treball assalariat i el treball domèstic i de cures, no remunerat, entre dones i homes, la segregació del mercat de treball és un reflexa en l'àmbit públic del que es troba, o s'ha trobat, tradicionalment, a les llars. A segregação ocupacional é a distribuição de trabalhadores entre e dentro das ocupações, com base nas características demográficas, na maioria das vezes por gênero. Outros tipos de segregação ocupacional incluem a segregação racial, étnica e por orientação sexual. Essas características demográficas costumam se cruzar. Enquanto um trabalho se refere a uma posição real em uma empresa ou indústria, uma ocupação representa um grupo de empregos semelhantes que exigem requisitos de habilidade e deveres semelhantes. Muitas ocupações são segregadas dentro delas mesmas por causa dos empregos diferentes, mas isso é difícil de detectar em termos de dados ocupacionais. A segregação ocupacional compara diferentes grupos e suas ocupações no contexto de toda a força de trabalho. O valor ou prestígio dos التفرقة الوظيفيّة (بالإنجليزيّة: Occupational segregation) هي توزيع العمال على الوظائف المختلفة بناءً على السمات الديموغرافيّة، خاصة الجندر. تختلف مستويات التفرقة الوظيفيّة بين التفرقة التامة والدمج التام. تحدث التفرقة التامة عندما تُوظَف مجموعة واحدة فقط في الوظيفة. بينما يحدث الدمج التام عندما يكون لكل مجموعة نفس عدد المقاعد في الوظيفة المتوفرة في قوة العمل. يجادل بعض الأكادميّين مثل بيبلارز وزملائه، أن التفرقة الوظيفيّة تقوم بنسبة أكبر على التمييز الجندريّ، والذي يحدث بنمطين، إما أفقيًّا (عبر الوظائف) أو رأسيًّا (خلال الهرم الوظيفيّ). يساهم كلاهما في فجوة الدفع الجندريّة. La ségrégation professionnelle est la répartition des travailleurs entre les professions, basée sur des caractéristiques démographiques, le plus souvent le sexe. Elle peut également s'observer selon le statut d'immigration ou l'orientation sexuelle. La ségrégation professionnelle existe à la fois entre et au sein de groupes de professions exigeant des compétences similaires. Arbeitsmarktsegregation bedeutet die Wahl und Ausübung bestimmter Berufe vorwiegend von Menschen mit bestimmten Merkmalen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Laut Duden bedeutet Segregation die „Absonderung einer Menschengruppe aus gesellschaftlichen, eigentumsrechtlichen od. räumlichen Gründen“. Bezogen auf den Arbeitsmarkt meint man damit beispielsweise Berufe in typischen Frauen- oder Männerdomänen, die sich signifikant in den erlernten und ausgeübten Berufen wiederfinden (allgemeiner: die Geschlechtersegregation am Arbeitsmarkt), aber auch beispielsweise Berufe, die vorwiegend von Migranten ausgeübt werden. Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender. Other types of occupational segregation include racial and ethnicity segregation, and sexual orientation segregation. These demographic characteristics often intersect. While a job refers to an actual position in a firm or industry, an occupation represents a group of similar jobs that require similar skill requirements and duties. Many occupations are segregated within themselves because of the differing jobs, but this is difficult to detect in terms of occupational data. Occupational segregation compares different groups and their occupations within the context of the entire labor force. The value or prestige of the jobs are typically not facto
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dbo:abstract
Arbeitsmarktsegregation bedeutet die Wahl und Ausübung bestimmter Berufe vorwiegend von Menschen mit bestimmten Merkmalen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Laut Duden bedeutet Segregation die „Absonderung einer Menschengruppe aus gesellschaftlichen, eigentumsrechtlichen od. räumlichen Gründen“. Bezogen auf den Arbeitsmarkt meint man damit beispielsweise Berufe in typischen Frauen- oder Männerdomänen, die sich signifikant in den erlernten und ausgeübten Berufen wiederfinden (allgemeiner: die Geschlechtersegregation am Arbeitsmarkt), aber auch beispielsweise Berufe, die vorwiegend von Migranten ausgeübt werden. A segregação ocupacional é a distribuição de trabalhadores entre e dentro das ocupações, com base nas características demográficas, na maioria das vezes por gênero. Outros tipos de segregação ocupacional incluem a segregação racial, étnica e por orientação sexual. Essas características demográficas costumam se cruzar. Enquanto um trabalho se refere a uma posição real em uma empresa ou indústria, uma ocupação representa um grupo de empregos semelhantes que exigem requisitos de habilidade e deveres semelhantes. Muitas ocupações são segregadas dentro delas mesmas por causa dos empregos diferentes, mas isso é difícil de detectar em termos de dados ocupacionais. A segregação ocupacional compara diferentes grupos e suas ocupações no contexto de toda a força de trabalho. O valor ou prestígio dos empregos normalmente não são considerados nas medições. Os níveis de segregação ocupacional diferem com base na perfeita segregação e integração. A segregação perfeita ocorre quando qualquer ocupação emprega apenas um grupo. A integração perfeita, por outro lado, ocorre quando cada grupo ocupa a mesma proporção de cargos em uma ocupação que ocupa na força de trabalho. Pesquisadores, como Biblarz et al., Argumentam que a segregação ocupacional geralmente ocorre em padrões, seja horizontalmente (entre ocupações) ou verticalmente (dentro da hierarquia de ocupações) e é provavelmente causada por discriminação baseada em gênero. Entretanto, é importante notar que, no passado, a segregação ocupacional com relação à raça não foi bem pesquisada, com muitos estudos optando por comparar dois grupos em vez de múltiplos grupos. Devido ao fato de que diferentes gêneros de diferentes origens raciais/étnicas experimentam obstáculos diversos, medir a segregação ocupacional é mais diversificada. Em última análise, a segregação ocupacional resulta em disparidades salariais e na perda de oportunidades para candidatos capazes que são esquecidos por causa de seu gênero e raça/etnia. Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender. Other types of occupational segregation include racial and ethnicity segregation, and sexual orientation segregation. These demographic characteristics often intersect. While a job refers to an actual position in a firm or industry, an occupation represents a group of similar jobs that require similar skill requirements and duties. Many occupations are segregated within themselves because of the differing jobs, but this is difficult to detect in terms of occupational data. Occupational segregation compares different groups and their occupations within the context of the entire labor force. The value or prestige of the jobs are typically not factored into the measurements. Occupational segregation levels differ on a basis of perfect segregation and integration. Perfect segregation occurs where any given occupation employs only one group. Perfect integration, on the other hand, occurs where each group holds the same proportion of positions in an occupation as it holds in the labor force. Many scholars, such as Biblarz et al., argue that occupational segregation often occurs in patterns, either horizontally (across occupations) or vertically (within the hierarchy of occupations) and is most likely caused by gender-based discrimination. However, in the past, occupational segregation with regards to race has not been well researched, with many studies choosing to compare two groups instead of multiple. Due to the fact that different genders of different racial/ethnic backgrounds experience different obstacles, measuring occupational segregation is more nuanced. Ultimately, occupational segregation results in wage gaps and the loss of opportunities for capable candidates who are overlooked because of their gender and race. التفرقة الوظيفيّة (بالإنجليزيّة: Occupational segregation) هي توزيع العمال على الوظائف المختلفة بناءً على السمات الديموغرافيّة، خاصة الجندر. تختلف مستويات التفرقة الوظيفيّة بين التفرقة التامة والدمج التام. تحدث التفرقة التامة عندما تُوظَف مجموعة واحدة فقط في الوظيفة. بينما يحدث الدمج التام عندما يكون لكل مجموعة نفس عدد المقاعد في الوظيفة المتوفرة في قوة العمل. يجادل بعض الأكادميّين مثل بيبلارز وزملائه، أن التفرقة الوظيفيّة تقوم بنسبة أكبر على التمييز الجندريّ، والذي يحدث بنمطين، إما أفقيًّا (عبر الوظائف) أو رأسيًّا (خلال الهرم الوظيفيّ). يساهم كلاهما في فجوة الدفع الجندريّة. La ségrégation professionnelle est la répartition des travailleurs entre les professions, basée sur des caractéristiques démographiques, le plus souvent le sexe. Elle peut également s'observer selon le statut d'immigration ou l'orientation sexuelle. La ségrégation professionnelle existe à la fois entre et au sein de groupes de professions exigeant des compétences similaires. La segregació laboral respon a la divisió existent del mercat de treball, organitzat en funció del gènere de les persones treballadores que el componen i, en particular, el tipus de feines que realitzen. Així com la Divisió Sexual del Treball, que fa referència a la distribució del treball assalariat i el treball domèstic i de cures, no remunerat, entre dones i homes, la segregació del mercat de treball és un reflexa en l'àmbit públic del que es troba, o s'ha trobat, tradicionalment, a les llars. Algunes de les manifestacions en les que la Segregació Laboral es veu representada, són la discriminació retributiva i el sostre de vidre.
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