„Krone der Anden“ – Versionsunterschied
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[[File:Crown of the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, known as the Crown of the Andes MET DP365520.jpg|thumb|300px|Crown of the Andes]] |
[[File:Crown of the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, known as the Crown of the Andes MET DP365520.jpg|thumb|300px|Crown of the Andes]] |
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The '''Crown of the Immacculate Conception''', known as the '''Crown of the Andes''' — known in Spanish as '''''La Corona de los Andes''''' and as ''La Corona de |
The '''Crown of the Immacculate Conception''', known as the '''Crown of the Andes''' — known in Spanish as '''''{{lang|es|La Corona de los Andes}}''''' and as ''{{lang|es|La Corona de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Popayán}}'' — is a [[votive crown]] originally made for a larger than life-size statue of the [[Mary (Mother of Jesus)|Virgin]] in the cathedral of [[Popayán]], [[Colombia]]. The diadem was made around 1660, and the arches were added around 1770.<ref name="m">{{cite web |title=Crown of the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, known as the Crown of the Andes |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/21698 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |accessdate=13 March 2017 }}</ref> The crown purportedly includes emeralds taken from the captured [[Inca Empire|Inca]] Emperor [[Atahualpa]] (1497–1533). In 1936, the crown was sold by its owners to an American businessman and it has remained in the [[United States]] ever since. As of December 2015, the crown belongs to the collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in New York City.<ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/21698 Metropolitan Museum of Art website]</ref> |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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The crown is {{convert|34.3|cm|in}} high with a body diameter of {{convert|33.7|cm|in}},<ref name=m/> and weighs {{convert|2.18|kg|lb}}. It is made from 18–22 carat gold, [[ |
The crown is {{convert|34.3|cm|in}} high with a body diameter of {{convert|33.7|cm|in}},<ref name=m/> and weighs {{convert|2.18|kg|lb}}. It is made from 18–22 carat gold, [[repoussé and chasing|''{{lang|fr|repoussé|nocat=y}}'' and chased]]. There are 450 emeralds on it: the largest, known as the "Atahualpa Emerald", is a rectangular stone measuring {{convert|15.8|mm|in}} by {{convert|16.15|mm|in}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://elpais.com/diario/1995/09/19/cultura/811461608_850215.html |title=La Corona de los Andes sale a subasta en 500 millones de pesetas |work=[[El País]] |date=19 September 1995 |quote={{lang|es|La corona, de 34,5 centímetros de alto y 52 de circunferencia, tiene un peso total de 2,18 kilos y una calidad de oro de 18-22 quilates. Todas las joyas, en un total de 450 esmeraldas, se distribuyen entre la banda y la diadema. La esmeralda más grande es la esmeralda de Atahuelpa, una piedra de talla rectangular de 15,80 por 16,15 milímetros.}} [The crown, which is 34.5 cm high and has a circumference of 52 cm, weighs 2.8 kilos and is made of 18–22 carat gold. The jewels, totalling 450 emeralds, are distributed between the headband and diadem. The biggest is the Atalhualpa emerald, a rectangular stone measuring 15.8 by 16.5 mm.] }}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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Various tales circulate about the construction and origin of the ''Crown of the Andes''. According to the conventional version it was made in the 1590s in thanksgiving for the city of Popayán being spared an outbreak of [[smallpox]] then devastating the region. It includes emeralds purportedly taken from the captured [[Inca]] Emperor [[Atahualpa]]. However, Christopher Hartop — a jewellery expert who examined the crown during a proposed sale at the auctioneer [[ |
Various tales circulate about the construction and origin of the ''Crown of the Andes''. According to the conventional version it was made in the 1590s in thanksgiving for the city of {{lang|es|Popayán}} being spared an outbreak of [[smallpox]] then devastating the region. It includes emeralds purportedly taken from the captured [[Inca]] Emperor [[Atahualpa]]. However, Christopher Hartop — a jewellery expert who examined the crown during a proposed sale at the auctioneer [[Christie's]] in New York in 1995 — suggested then it was a composite piece. He dated the little cross at the top to the 16th century, with the bottom half being completed in the 17th century and the intersecting arches dating to the 18th century.<ref name="Norman, Sindy">{{cite news |last=Norman |first=Geraldine |title=Crowning Glory of the Andes |work=[[The Independent on Sunday]] |date=18 June 1995 |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/crowning-glory-of-the-andes-1587131.html }}</ref> |
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The Crown had a long history of use in the [[Holy Week]] celebrations in Popayán, until in the early decades of the 20th century papal permission was sought to sell it and dedicate the funds raised to charitable purposes. Permission was given in 1914, but the sellers — the [[Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception]] (''La Cofradía de la Inmaculada Concepción'') — did not find a buyer until 1936 when an American syndicate led by Chicago businessman Warren J. Piper purchased it. At the time Mr. Piper said the crown would be broken up and individual jewels sold off, but this did not happen. Instead the crown was exhibited sporadically over the next few decades, notably at [[Detroit]] in 1937 when [[General Motors]] used it at the unveiling of their new [[Chevrolet]] models. 225,000 people are said to have viewed it on that occasion, some 15% of the city's population. It was also displayed at the [[1939 New York World's Fair |
The Crown had a long history of use in the [[Holy Week]] celebrations in {{lang|es|Popayán}}, until in the early decades of the 20th century papal permission was sought to sell it and dedicate the funds raised to charitable purposes. Permission was given in 1914, but the sellers — the [[Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception]] (''{{lang|es|La Cofradía de la Inmaculada Concepción}}'') — did not find a buyer until 1936 when an American syndicate led by Chicago businessman Warren J. Piper purchased it. At the time Mr. Piper said the crown would be broken up and individual jewels sold off, but this did not happen. Instead the crown was exhibited sporadically over the next few decades, notably at [[Detroit]] in 1937 when [[General Motors]] used it at the unveiling of their new [[Chevrolet]] models. 225,000 people are said to have viewed it on that occasion, some 15% of the city's population. It was also displayed at the [[1939 New York World's Fair]] and in 1959 at the [[Royal Ontario Museum]].<ref name="Norman, Sindy"/> |
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The Crown was not sold during the 1995 sale. Afterwards, it is believed to be usually kept in [[New York City|New York]], put on display in [[Indianapolis]] at an exhibition called ''Sacred Spain: Art and Belief in the Spanish World'', held October 2009 |
The Crown was not sold during the 1995 sale. Afterwards, it is believed to be usually kept in [[New York City|New York]], put on display in [[Indianapolis]] at an exhibition called ''Sacred Spain: Art and Belief in the Spanish World'', held October 2009 – January 3, 2010 at the [[Indianapolis Museum of Art]]. Its acquisition was announced by the Metropolitan Museum in New York City in December 2015. |
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Although acquired and exported legally, some have suggested that, as the Crown was made in Popayán from local gold and emeralds and used there continually in religious worship for some three centuries, it should be returned to the region where it has most cultural resonance.<ref>Germán Izquierdo Manrique |
Although acquired and exported legally, some have suggested that, as the Crown was made in {{lang|es|Popayán}} from local gold and emeralds and used there continually in religious worship for some three centuries, it should be returned to the region where it has most cultural resonance.<ref>{{cite web |author=Germán Izquierdo Manrique |title=La Corona de los Andes: La más bella de las coronas religiosas está en USA y debería estar en Colombia |work=CiudadViva |publisher=Instituto Distrital de Cultura y Turismo |date=October 2006 |url=http://www.ciudadviva.gov.co/octubre06/periodico/8/index.php }}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{commonscat|La Corona de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Popayán}} |
{{commonscat|La Corona de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Popayán}} |
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* [http://www.internetstones.com/crown-of-andes-emerald-studded-crown.html Internet Stones] |
* [http://www.internetstones.com/crown-of-andes-emerald-studded-crown.html Internet Stones] |
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* [http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2009-12-02-sacred-spain-exhibit-indianapolis_N.htm "Sacred Spain: Art and Belief in the Spanish World" - Indianapolis Museum of Art] |
* [http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2009-12-02-sacred-spain-exhibit-indianapolis_N.htm "Sacred Spain: Art and Belief in the Spanish World" - Indianapolis Museum of Art], ''[[USA Today]]'' |
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* [http://i.usatoday.net/travel/_photos/2009/12/02/sacredx-large.jpg Photographic image of the display by Darron Cummings, AP] |
* [http://i.usatoday.net/travel/_photos/2009/12/02/sacredx-large.jpg Photographic image of the display by Darron Cummings, AP], ''[[USA Today]]'' |
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* [http://www.onesacredcrown.com/OneSacredCrown/A_thrilling_novel.html ''One Sacred Crown'', novel about the intrigues of the Crown of the Andes] |
* [http://www.onesacredcrown.com/OneSacredCrown/A_thrilling_novel.html ''One Sacred Crown'', novel about the intrigues of the Crown of the Andes] |
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[[Category:Individual crowns|Andes]] |
[[Category:Individual crowns|Andes]] |
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[[Category:Jewellery of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |
[[Category:Jewellery of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |
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[[Category:Metalwork of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |
[[Category:Metalwork of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |
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Version vom 11. Juni 2017, 22:31 Uhr
The Crown of the Immacculate Conception, known as the Crown of the Andes — known in Spanish as La Corona de los Andes and as La Corona de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Popayán — is a votive crown originally made for a larger than life-size statue of the Virgin in the cathedral of Popayán, Colombia. The diadem was made around 1660, and the arches were added around 1770.[1] The crown purportedly includes emeralds taken from the captured Inca Emperor Atahualpa (1497–1533). In 1936, the crown was sold by its owners to an American businessman and it has remained in the United States ever since. As of December 2015, the crown belongs to the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.[2]
Description
The crown is Vorlage:Convert high with a body diameter of Vorlage:Convert,[1] and weighs Vorlage:Convert. It is made from 18–22 carat gold, [[repoussé and chasing| and chased]]. There are 450 emeralds on it: the largest, known as the "Atahualpa Emerald", is a rectangular stone measuring Vorlage:Convert by Vorlage:Convert.[3]
History
Various tales circulate about the construction and origin of the Crown of the Andes. According to the conventional version it was made in the 1590s in thanksgiving for the city of Popayán being spared an outbreak of smallpox then devastating the region. It includes emeralds purportedly taken from the captured Inca Emperor Atahualpa. However, Christopher Hartop — a jewellery expert who examined the crown during a proposed sale at the auctioneer Christie's in New York in 1995 — suggested then it was a composite piece. He dated the little cross at the top to the 16th century, with the bottom half being completed in the 17th century and the intersecting arches dating to the 18th century.[4]
The Crown had a long history of use in the Holy Week celebrations in Popayán, until in the early decades of the 20th century papal permission was sought to sell it and dedicate the funds raised to charitable purposes. Permission was given in 1914, but the sellers — the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception (La Cofradía de la Inmaculada Concepción) — did not find a buyer until 1936 when an American syndicate led by Chicago businessman Warren J. Piper purchased it. At the time Mr. Piper said the crown would be broken up and individual jewels sold off, but this did not happen. Instead the crown was exhibited sporadically over the next few decades, notably at Detroit in 1937 when General Motors used it at the unveiling of their new Chevrolet models. 225,000 people are said to have viewed it on that occasion, some 15% of the city's population. It was also displayed at the 1939 New York World's Fair and in 1959 at the Royal Ontario Museum.[4]
The Crown was not sold during the 1995 sale. Afterwards, it is believed to be usually kept in New York, put on display in Indianapolis at an exhibition called Sacred Spain: Art and Belief in the Spanish World, held October 2009 – January 3, 2010 at the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Its acquisition was announced by the Metropolitan Museum in New York City in December 2015.
Although acquired and exported legally, some have suggested that, as the Crown was made in Popayán from local gold and emeralds and used there continually in religious worship for some three centuries, it should be returned to the region where it has most cultural resonance.[5]
See also
References
External links
Commons: La Corona de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Popayán – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
- Internet Stones
- "Sacred Spain: Art and Belief in the Spanish World" - Indianapolis Museum of Art, USA Today
- Photographic image of the display by Darron Cummings, AP, USA Today
- One Sacred Crown, novel about the intrigues of the Crown of the Andes
- ↑ a b Crown of the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, known as the Crown of the Andes. Metropolitan Museum of Art, abgerufen am 13. März 2017.
- ↑ Metropolitan Museum of Art website
- ↑ La Corona de los Andes sale a subasta en 500 millones de pesetas In: El País, 19 September 1995 „La corona, de 34,5 centímetros de alto y 52 de circunferencia, tiene un peso total de 2,18 kilos y una calidad de oro de 18-22 quilates. Todas las joyas, en un total de 450 esmeraldas, se distribuyen entre la banda y la diadema. La esmeralda más grande es la esmeralda de Atahuelpa, una piedra de talla rectangular de 15,80 por 16,15 milímetros. [The crown, which is 34.5 cm high and has a circumference of 52 cm, weighs 2.8 kilos and is made of 18–22 carat gold. The jewels, totalling 450 emeralds, are distributed between the headband and diadem. The biggest is the Atalhualpa emerald, a rectangular stone measuring 15.8 by 16.5 mm.]“
- ↑ a b Geraldine Norman: Crowning Glory of the Andes In: The Independent on Sunday, 18 June 1995
- ↑ Germán Izquierdo Manrique: La Corona de los Andes: La más bella de las coronas religiosas está en USA y debería estar en Colombia. In: CiudadViva. Instituto Distrital de Cultura y Turismo, Oktober 2006.