The misalignment of a coupler is a significant issue for capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT). This paper presents a capacitive WPT system specifically designed for underwater drones operating in flowing freshwater environments. The primary design features include a capacitive coupler with an opposite relative position between feeding and receiving points on the coupler electrode, two phase compensation circuits, and a load-independent inverter. A stable and energy-efficient power transmission is achieved by maintaining a 90° phase difference on the coupler electrode in dielectrics with a large unloaded quality factor (Q factor), such as in freshwater. Although a 622-mm coupler electrode is required at 13.56MHz, the phase compensation circuits can reduce to 250mm as one example, which is mountable to small underwater drones. Furthermore, the electricity waste is automatically reduced using the constant-current (CC) output inverter in the event of misalignment where efficiency drops occur. Finally, their functions are simulated and demonstrated at various receiver positions and transfer distances in tap water.