Enterprise digital transformation has always been a hot issue in Chinese industries. To grasp the hot topics and development trends of enterprise digital transformation research, this paper uses the visual analysis software CiteSpace to analyze the distribution and trend of research on enterprise digital transformation in CNKI journal papers and draws the following conclusions. The research on the digital transformation of Chinese enterprises first started in 2011, and the period of 2011–2019 belongs to the initial stage and has entered the rapid growth stage since 2020. Most of the authors and research institutions in this field in China are independent researchers and have not yet formed a complex cooperative network. Research on the digital transformation of Chinese enterprises initially started in the publishing industry and gradually extended to various sectors. Future research on the digital transformation of Chinese enterprises will develop in the “digital transformation of state-owned enterprises” and “digital transformation of agricultural enterprises.”