Improving the Spatial Accessibility of Community-Level Healthcare Service toward the ‘15-Minute City’ Goal in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
2.2.1. Residential Population
2.2.2. Community-Level Healthcare Service Centers
2.2.3. Travel Time
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Analytical Framework
2.3.2. Optimal Supply–Demand Allocation
2.3.3. Capacitated p-Median Problem (CPMP) Model
2.3.4. Patients and Public Involvement
3. Results
3.1. Current Status of Healthcare Services
3.2. Potential Spatial Accessibility of Healthcare Services
3.3. Improving the Spatial Accessibility of Healthcare Services
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ring Road | Number of Communities (%) | Population Size (%) | Number of Centers (%) |
---|---|---|---|
First ring | 279 (8.40) | 215,375 (4.44) | 5 (6.67) |
Second ring | 1528 (46.01) | 1,436,335 (29.63) | 25 (33.33) |
Third ring | 1072 (32.28) | 1,876,302 (38.71) | 30 (40.00) |
Fourth ring | 442 (13.31) | 1,319,526 (27.22) | 15 (20.00) |
<5 min (%) | <10 min (%) | <15 min (%) | <30 min (%) | >30 min (%) | Average Time (min) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 8.28 | 23.08 | 39.57 | 78.93 | 21.07 | 18.25 |
First ring | 7.29 | 22.83 | 39.82 | 89.8 | 10.2 | 16 |
Second ring | 10.67 | 28.76 | 53.11 | 95.48 | 4.51 | 15.04 |
Third ring | 10.68 | 27.37 | 43.41 | 79.44 | 20.57 | 18.69 |
Fourth ring | 2.42 | 10.84 | 19.32 | 58.42 | 41.58 | 33.53 |
<5 min (%) | <10 min (%) | <15 min (%) | <30 min (%) | >30 min (%) | Average Time (min) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 9.63 | 29.18 | 48.11 | 81.64 | 18.35 | 16.48 |
First ring | 8.36 | 47.57 | 78.78 | 100 | 0 | 10.45 |
Second ring | 14.16 | 38.09 | 65.04 | 98.34 | 1.67 | 12.75 |
Third ring | 11.13 | 32.36 | 51.24 | 84.72 | 15.28 | 16.71 |
Fourth ring | 2.78 | 11.97 | 20.23 | 56.11 | 43.88 | 32.28 |
Center Numbers | <5 min (%) | <10 min (%) | <15 min (%) | <30 min (%) | >30 min (%) | Average Time (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
75 | 8.28 | 23.08 | 39.57 | 78.93 | 21.07 | 18.25 |
85 | 11.41 | 35.38 | 59.81 | 93.02 | 6.98 | 13.35 |
95 | 12.76 | 39.54 | 65.88 | 96.13 | 3.87 | 12.25 |
105 | 14.63 | 44.31 | 70.61 | 96.64 | 3.36 | 11.41 |
115 | 16.79 | 48.54 | 74.53 | 96.86 | 3.14 | 10.8 |
125 | 17.92 | 52.35 | 78.46 | 97.14 | 2.86 | 10.35 |
135 | 19.05 | 54.5 | 80.11 | 97.87 | 2.13 | 10 |
<5 min (%) | 5~10 min (%) | 10~15 min (%) | 15~30 min (%) | >30 min (%) | Average Time (min) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 19.05 | 35.45 | 25.61 | 17.76 | 2.13 | 10.00 |
First ring | 8.36 | 39.81 | 32.96 | 18.87 | 0.00 | 10.24 |
Second ring | 19.88 | 38.49 | 28.82 | 12.80 | 0.00 | 9.34 |
Third ring | 23.34 | 38.87 | 24.75 | 12.50 | 0.54 | 9.43 |
Fourth ring | 13.78 | 26.57 | 22.13 | 30.47 | 7.05 | 13.51 |
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Song, G.; He, X.; Kong, Y.; Li, K.; Song, H.; Zhai, S.; Luo, J. Improving the Spatial Accessibility of Community-Level Healthcare Service toward the ‘15-Minute City’ Goal in China. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11, 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080436
Song G, He X, Kong Y, Li K, Song H, Zhai S, Luo J. Improving the Spatial Accessibility of Community-Level Healthcare Service toward the ‘15-Minute City’ Goal in China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2022; 11(8):436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080436
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Genxin, Xinxin He, Yunfeng Kong, Ke Li, Hongquan Song, Shiyan Zhai, and Jingjing Luo. 2022. "Improving the Spatial Accessibility of Community-Level Healthcare Service toward the ‘15-Minute City’ Goal in China" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 8: 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080436
APA StyleSong, G., He, X., Kong, Y., Li, K., Song, H., Zhai, S., & Luo, J. (2022). Improving the Spatial Accessibility of Community-Level Healthcare Service toward the ‘15-Minute City’ Goal in China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(8), 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080436