REMOVAL OF IRON-BEARING MINERALS FROM GIBBSITIC BAUXITE BY DIRECT FROTH FLOTATION
REMOÇÃO DE MINERAIS PORTADORES DE FERRO DE BAUXITA GIBSÍTICA POR FLOTAÇÃO DIRETA
Barbosa, Felipe de Melo; Bergerman, Maurício Guimarães; Horta, Daniela Gomes
http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.0924
Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min., vol.13, n1, p.106-112, 2016
Abstract
The refractory bauxite needs to present less than 2.5% of Fe 2 O 3 to be applied in the ceramics industry. The depletion of high Al 2 O 3 grade deposits has stimulated the improvement of bauxite concentration methods in order to remove iron-bearing minerals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of collector dosage, pH and milling time on the gibbsite flotation performance. Firstly, the sample mineralogical composition was determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and binocular loupe analysis. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was used to determine the sample chemical composition. Flotation was then accomplished by using hydroxamate as gibbsite collector, sodium silicate as silicate depressant and starch as iron-bearing minerals depressant. The bauxite Fe 2 O 3 content was reduced from 7.66% to 4.81-5.03%. In addition, the flotation performance decreased by diminishing the pH from 9.5 to 8.5 or increasing the pH to 10.5. The milling time influence on the flotation indicates that the presence of slime can significantly affect the gibbsite concentration.
Keywords
Bauxite, Gibbsite, Direct flotation, Hydroxamate.
Resumo
As bauxitas refratárias precisam apresentar teores de ferro menores que 2,5% para serem utilizadas na indústria de cerâmica. A exaustão dos depósitos com altos teores de Al 2 O 3 tem estimulado a pesquisa por métodos de concentração de bauxita de forma a remover os minerais portadores de ferro. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a influência da dosagem de coletor, pH e tempo de moagem no desempenho da flotação de gibbsita em escala laboratorial. Inicialmente a amostra foi caracterizada mineralogicamente utilizando-se as técnicas de difração de raios-x (DRX) e análise em lupa binocular. A composição química da amostra foi determinada pelo método de Fluorescência de raios-x (FRX). Em seguida, foram realizados ensaios de flotação utilizando o hidroxamato como coletor de gibbsita, silicato de sódio e amido como depressores de silicatos e minerais portadores de ferro, respectivamente. O teor de Fe 2 O 3 foi reduzido de 7,66% para 4,81-5.03%. O desempenho da flotação reduziu com a diminuição do pH de 9,5 para 8,5 e com o seu aumento para 10,5. O tempo de moagem influenciou os resultados da flotação, indicando que a maior quantidade de lamas influenciou de forma significativa a concentração de gibbsita.
Palavras-chave
Bauxita, Gibbsita, Flotação direta, Hidroxamato.
Referências
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2 Massola CP. Flotação reversa da bauxita de Miraí/MG [master thesis]. São Paulo: Escola Politécnica; 2008.
3 Massola CP, Chaves AP, Lima JRB, Andrade CF. Separation of silica from bauxite via froth flotation. Minerals Engineering. 2009;22:315-318.
4 Chaves AP. Teoria e prática do tratamento de minérios - a flotação no Brasil. 3rd ed. São Paulo: Signus Editora; 2013.
5 Bittencourt LRM. The flotation recovery of high-purity gibbsite concentrates from Brazilian bauxite ore [master’s thesis]. Salt Lake City: University of Utah; 1990.
6 Marino S. The flotation of a Brazilian Bauxite ore [master thesis]. Salt Lake City: University of Utah; 2012.
7 Marino SM, Miller JD, Wang X. The flotation of gibbsitic bauxite ore from Paragominas.In: Universidade Federal de Goiás. Proceedings of the XXVI Encontro Nacional de Tratamento de Minérios e Metalurgia Extrativa; 2013 Oct 20-24; Goiania, Brazil. Goiania: UFG; 2013.
8 Qin WQ, Qiu GZ, Hu YH. Flotation of kaolinite and its interaction with Hexadecylammonium Bromide. Transaction of Nonferrous Metallurgical Society of China. 2003;13:679-683.
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13 Jiang Y, Li W, Feng R. Preparation and performance of 4-alkyl-4,4-bis (hydroxycarbamoyl) carboxylic acid for flotation separation of diaspore against aluminosilicates. Minerals Engineering. 2011;24:1571-1579.
14 Jiang Y, Li X, Feng R, Chen D. Li J. Novel alkyl bis (hydroxycarbamoyl) propionic acids for flotation separation of diaspore against aluminosilicate minerals. Separation and Purification Technology. 2012;87:135-141.
15 Zhao Q, Miller JD, Wang W. Recent developments in the beneficiation of Chinese Bauxite. Mineral Processing & Extractive Metallurgy. 2010;31:111-119.
16 Bergerman MG, Chaves AP. Experiência de produção mais limpa na CBA. Caso da Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio, Mina de Itamarati de Minas, MG. Brasil Mineral. 2004;231:16-24.
17 Chaves AP, Bergerman MG, Abreu CAV, Bigogno N. Concentration of bauxite fines via gravity concentration. Revista Escola de Minas. 2009;62:277-281.
18 Barbosa FE, Bergerman MB, Horta DG. Concentration of a Brazilian Refractory Bauxite by Direct Flotation. In: Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração. Proceedings of the Pan American Materials Conference; 2014 July 21-24; São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo: ABM; 2014.
19 Barbosa FAM, Miller JD, Wang X, Liu J, Bergerman MG. Experimental testing of flotation concentration in High Grade Bauxite Ore. 2013. 42 p. Technical report.
20 Lopes GM. Flotação direta de minério de ferro [master’s thesis]. Ouro Preto: Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; 2009.
21 Rao SR. Surface chemistry of froth flotation. 2nd ed. Germany: Springer; 2004. vol. 2.
22 Plackowski C, Bruckard WJ, Nguyen AV. Surface characterization, collector adsorption and flotation response of enargite in a redox potential controlled environment. Minerals Engineering. 2014;65:61-73.
23 Wierenga AM, Lenstra TAJ, Philipse AP. Aqueous dispersions of colloidal gibbsite platelets: synthesis, characterization and intrinsic viscosity measurements. Colloids and Surfaces. A, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 1998;134:359-371.
24 Adekola F, Fédoroff M, Geckeis H, Kupcik T, Lefevre G, Lutzenkirchen J, et al. Characterization of acid-base properties of two gibbsite samples in the context of literature results. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2010;354:306-317.
25 Hu Y, Liu X, Xu Z. Role of crystal structure in flotation separation of diaspora from kaolinite, pyrophyllite and illite. Minerals Engineering. 2003;16:219-227.
2 Massola CP. Flotação reversa da bauxita de Miraí/MG [master thesis]. São Paulo: Escola Politécnica; 2008.
3 Massola CP, Chaves AP, Lima JRB, Andrade CF. Separation of silica from bauxite via froth flotation. Minerals Engineering. 2009;22:315-318.
4 Chaves AP. Teoria e prática do tratamento de minérios - a flotação no Brasil. 3rd ed. São Paulo: Signus Editora; 2013.
5 Bittencourt LRM. The flotation recovery of high-purity gibbsite concentrates from Brazilian bauxite ore [master’s thesis]. Salt Lake City: University of Utah; 1990.
6 Marino S. The flotation of a Brazilian Bauxite ore [master thesis]. Salt Lake City: University of Utah; 2012.
7 Marino SM, Miller JD, Wang X. The flotation of gibbsitic bauxite ore from Paragominas.In: Universidade Federal de Goiás. Proceedings of the XXVI Encontro Nacional de Tratamento de Minérios e Metalurgia Extrativa; 2013 Oct 20-24; Goiania, Brazil. Goiania: UFG; 2013.
8 Qin WQ, Qiu GZ, Hu YH. Flotation of kaolinite and its interaction with Hexadecylammonium Bromide. Transaction of Nonferrous Metallurgical Society of China. 2003;13:679-683.
9 Xu Z, Plitt V, Liu Q. Recent advances in reverse flotation of diasporic ores: a Chinese experience. Minerals Engineering. 2004;17:1007-1015.
10 Liu G, Zhong H, Hu Y, Zhao S, Xia L. The role of cationic polyacrylamide in the reverse flotation of diasporic bauxite. Minerals Engineering. 2007;20:1191-1199.
11 Liu-Yin X, Hong Z, Guang-Yi L. Flotation techniques for separation of diaspore from bauxite using Gemini collector and starch depressant. Transitions of Nonferrous Metallurgical Society. 2010;201:495-501.
12 Jiang Y, Zhao B, Zhou X, Aliu A, Xia L, Zhong H. Flotation of diaspore and aluminosilicate minerals applying novel carboxyl hydroxamic acids as collector. Hydrometallurgy. 2010;104:112-118.
13 Jiang Y, Li W, Feng R. Preparation and performance of 4-alkyl-4,4-bis (hydroxycarbamoyl) carboxylic acid for flotation separation of diaspore against aluminosilicates. Minerals Engineering. 2011;24:1571-1579.
14 Jiang Y, Li X, Feng R, Chen D. Li J. Novel alkyl bis (hydroxycarbamoyl) propionic acids for flotation separation of diaspore against aluminosilicate minerals. Separation and Purification Technology. 2012;87:135-141.
15 Zhao Q, Miller JD, Wang W. Recent developments in the beneficiation of Chinese Bauxite. Mineral Processing & Extractive Metallurgy. 2010;31:111-119.
16 Bergerman MG, Chaves AP. Experiência de produção mais limpa na CBA. Caso da Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio, Mina de Itamarati de Minas, MG. Brasil Mineral. 2004;231:16-24.
17 Chaves AP, Bergerman MG, Abreu CAV, Bigogno N. Concentration of bauxite fines via gravity concentration. Revista Escola de Minas. 2009;62:277-281.
18 Barbosa FE, Bergerman MB, Horta DG. Concentration of a Brazilian Refractory Bauxite by Direct Flotation. In: Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração. Proceedings of the Pan American Materials Conference; 2014 July 21-24; São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo: ABM; 2014.
19 Barbosa FAM, Miller JD, Wang X, Liu J, Bergerman MG. Experimental testing of flotation concentration in High Grade Bauxite Ore. 2013. 42 p. Technical report.
20 Lopes GM. Flotação direta de minério de ferro [master’s thesis]. Ouro Preto: Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; 2009.
21 Rao SR. Surface chemistry of froth flotation. 2nd ed. Germany: Springer; 2004. vol. 2.
22 Plackowski C, Bruckard WJ, Nguyen AV. Surface characterization, collector adsorption and flotation response of enargite in a redox potential controlled environment. Minerals Engineering. 2014;65:61-73.
23 Wierenga AM, Lenstra TAJ, Philipse AP. Aqueous dispersions of colloidal gibbsite platelets: synthesis, characterization and intrinsic viscosity measurements. Colloids and Surfaces. A, Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 1998;134:359-371.
24 Adekola F, Fédoroff M, Geckeis H, Kupcik T, Lefevre G, Lutzenkirchen J, et al. Characterization of acid-base properties of two gibbsite samples in the context of literature results. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2010;354:306-317.
25 Hu Y, Liu X, Xu Z. Role of crystal structure in flotation separation of diaspora from kaolinite, pyrophyllite and illite. Minerals Engineering. 2003;16:219-227.
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