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Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

Year: 2011 | Volume: 4 | Issue: 1 | Page No.: 18-30
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Authors

C. G. Okpara

N. F. Oparaku

C. N. Ibeto

Keywords

Research Article

An Overview of Water Disinfection in Developing Countries and Potentials of Renewable Energy

C. G. Okpara
National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
N. F. Oparaku
National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
C. N. Ibeto
National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Although, three-quarters of the earth’s surface is water, only one percent of that water is available for human consumption; and that one percent often contains microorganisms that can cause life threatening waterborne diseases. Water-related diseases are a growing human tragedy, killing more than 5 million people each year-10 times the number of people killed in wars. About 2.3 billion people suffer from diseases linked to dirty water. Some 60% of all infant mortality worldwide is linked to infectious and parasitic diseases, most of them water-related. Renewable energy finds application in disinfection such as solar water disinfection. Disinfection methods include; UV disinfection, boiling, chlorination and use of deep tube wells. Water can also be disinfected with bromine, iodine and ozone. The advantages of UV disinfection over the other methods of disinfection are significant. It is recommended that developing countries inculcate the various outlined disinfection methods as convenient and appropriate. The methods should be adapted to their local conditions inorder to abate health diseases, thereby ensuring the health safety of the populace.
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